{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:18:28Z","timestamp":1791519508797,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, we presented a strategy for analysis of eight biomarkers in human urine to verify toxic mushroom or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Ricinus communis<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> ingestions. However, screening for the full panel is not always necessary. Thus, we aimed to develop a strategy to reduce analysis time and by focusing on two sets of analytes. One set (A) for biomarkers of late\u2010onset syndromes, such as phalloides syndrome or the syndrome after castor bean intake. Another set (B) for biomarkers of early\u2010onset syndromes, such as pantherine\u2013muscaria syndrome and muscarine syndrome. Both analyses should be based on hydrophilic\u2010interaction liquid chromatography coupled with high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (MS)\/MS (HILIC\u2010HRMS\/MS). For A, urine samples were prepared by liquid\u2013liquid extraction using dichloromethane and subsequent solid\u2010phase extraction of the aqueous supernatant. For B urine was precipitated using acetonitrile. Method A was validated for ricinine and \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010amanitin and method B for muscarine, muscimol, and ibotenic acid according to the specifications for qualitative analytical methods. In addition, robustness of recovery and normalized matrix factors to matrix variability measured by urinary creatinine was tested. Moreover, applicability was tested using 10 urine samples from patients after suspected mushroom intoxication. The analytes \u03b1\u2010 and \u03b2\u2010amanitin, muscarine, muscimol, and ibotenic acid could be successfully identified. Finally, psilocin\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucuronide could be identified in two samples and unambiguously distinguished from bufotenine\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucuronide via their MS<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> patterns. In summary, the current workflow offers several advantages towards the previous method, particularly being more labor\u2010, time\u2010, and cost\u2010efficient, more robust, and more sensitive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T04:34:00Z","timestamp":1622694840000},"page":"1603-1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Further development of a liquid chromatography\u2013high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry\/mass spectrometry\u2010based strategy for analyzing eight biomarkers in human urine indicating toxic mushroom or <scp><i>Ricinus communis<\/i><\/scp> ingestions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Bambauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) Saarland University  Homburg 66421 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Wagmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) Saarland University  Homburg 66421 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin A.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) Saarland University  Homburg 66421 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4377-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS) Saarland University  Homburg 66421 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa166.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120454"},{"issue":"42","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"701","article-title":"Mushroom poisoning","volume":"117","author":"Wennig R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659208994442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(03)00238-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.892124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3101332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31828741a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2020.00159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00187-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Psilocybin as a new approach to treat depression and anxiety in the context of life\u2010threatening diseases\u2014a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Vargas AS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Convention on Psychotropic Substances1971.https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/pdf\/convention_1971_en.pdf. Accessed April 13 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A year of expansion in psychedelic research, industry, and deregulation","volume":"2020","author":"Aday JS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Sci Policy Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.120847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(94)90051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1996.10472488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-012-0796-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2015.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.18.2342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17900-1_120"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","volume-title":"Psilocybin: Magic Mushroom Grower's Guide: A Handbook for Psilocybin Enthusiasts","author":"Oss OT","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0652-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.08.018"},{"issue":"36","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"5442","article-title":"Update of standard practices for new method validation in forensic toxicology","volume":"23","author":"Wille SMR","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pharm des"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Guideline on bioanalytical method validation. EMEA\/CHMP\/EWP\/192217\/2009 Rev.1 Corr.2 2015 ed. London UK: Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP);2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)00270-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.11.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0599-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15014J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bky100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12110671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2020.122128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00213-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-006-0006-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8050128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"The MAK\u2010Collection for Occupational Health and Safety: Annual Thresholds and Classifications for the Workplace","author":"Weihrauch M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.955179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/33.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.165"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Reference range and method comparison studies for enzymatic and Jaffe creatinine assays in plasma and serum and early morning urine","volume":"46","author":"Mazzachi BC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.3106","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T16:42:21Z","timestamp":1760373741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.3106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.3106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.3106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}