{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:47:05Z","timestamp":1791863225945,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dirty Sprite, also known as \u201clean\u201d or \u201cpurple drank\u201d, is a preparation associated with the presence of codeine and promethazine. These drinks, predominantly used by young people, are mixtures of, for example, soft drinks, prescription medicines, and prescription cough syrups. The use of these illicit preparations started in Texas in the 1960s and become popularized in the 1990s. However, the misuse of these cocktails has become more common in other countries to date, for example, in Thailand. Given the illicit nature of these preparations and the lack of information available on the composition of these products, there is a need to identify and quantify the drugs that may be present. Three samples of Dirty Sprite were analyzed using GC\u2013MS after liquid\/liquid\u2010extraction under acidic and basic conditions. Since the acidic extraction did not show the detection of relevant substances, samples were alkalized to pH\u2009\u2265\u20099, followed by extraction with 1\u2010chlorobutane. GC\u2013MS screening revealed the identification of codeine, dihydrocodeine, promethazine and impurities of cocaine. A selected ion monitoring method was developed for the quantification of these compounds using lemonade as a calibration matrix. Quantitative analysis showed concentrations of 130\u2010mg\/L codeine, 75\u2010mg\/L promethazine, and 3.4\u2010mg\/L cocaine in sample 1; 74\u2010mg\/L promethazine and 91\u2010mg\/L dihydrocodeine in sample 2; and 130\u2010mg\/L codeine combined with 68\u2010mg\/L promethazine in sample 3. The results also illustrate that the consumption of drugs detected in Dirty Sprite samples could lead to health risks given that these prescription medicines are consumed outside the medical environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T23:14:17Z","timestamp":1623971657000},"page":"539-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Detection of pharmaceuticals in \u201cdirty sprite\u201d using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0770-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Teske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Klintschar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Dziadosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hannover Medical School Institute of Legal Medicine  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Antitussives and substance abuse","volume":"4","author":"Burns JM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2020.1797250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2001.10400477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ijps.v12n1p42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-013-9213-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond the 'purple drank': study of promethazine abuse according to the european medicines agency adverse drug reaction reports","author":"Chiappini S","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol (Oxf)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.08.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Representations of codeine misuse on instagram: content analysis","volume":"4","author":"Cherian R","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPHS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of abused prescription drugs by simple dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (GC\u2010FID)","author":"Phonchai A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A portable optical colorimetric sensor for the determination of promethazine in lean cocktail and pharmaceutical doses","volume":"159","author":"Lantam A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/29.5.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2574"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Chemical Analysis\u2014Decision Limit, Detection Limit and Determination Limit Under Repeatability Conditions\u2014Terms, Methods, Evaluation","author":"DIN 32645:2008\u201011","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man","author":"Baselt RC","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600760606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt197824160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90049-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"HeroldMD FrankVA.Cross national report WP5: descriptions of innovative approaches including professionals and young peoples perception and narratives. 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