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Urines collected from male Caucasian subjects before, during, and after either systemic (i.e., oral and buccal) or topical (i.e., dermal) treatment with miconazole were analyzed according to validated procedures based on gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS\/MS) (to determine the markers of the steroid profile) or liquid chromatography coupled to MS\/MS (LC\u2013MS\/MS) (to determine miconazole urinary levels). The results indicate that only after systemic administration, the markers of the steroid profile were significantly altered. After oral and buccal administration, we have registered (i) a significant increase of the 5\u03b1\u2010androstane\u20103\u03b1,17\u03b2\u2010diol\/5\u03b2\u2010androstane\u20103\u03b1,17\u03b2\u2010diol ratio and (ii) a significant decrease of the concentration of androsterone, etiocholanolone, 5\u03b2\u2010androstane\u20103\u03b1,17\u03b2\u2010diol, and 5\u03b1\u2010androstane\u20103\u03b1,17\u03b2\u2010diol and of the androsterone\/etiocholanolone, androsterone\/testosterone, and 5\u03b1\u2010androstane\u20103\u03b1,17\u03b2\u2010diol\/epitestosterone ratios. Limited effects were instead measured after dermal intake. Indeed, the levels of miconazole after systemic administration were in the range of 0.1\u201312.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, whereas after dermal administration were below the limit of quantification (50\u2009ng\/ml). Significant alteration started to be registered at concentrations of miconazole higher than 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml. These findings were primarily explained by the ability of miconazole in altering the kinetic\/efficacy of deglucuronidation of the endogenous steroids by the enzyme \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase during the sample preparation process. The increase of both incubation time and amount of \u03b2\u2010glucuronidase was demonstrated to be effective countermeasures in the presence of miconazole to reduce the risk of uncorrected interpretation of the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T04:21:45Z","timestamp":1625199705000},"page":"1712-1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of the administration of miconazole by different routes on the biomarkers of the \u201csteroidal module\u201d of the Athlete Biological Passport"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Mazzarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Antidoping Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Comunit\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Antidoping Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8037-6750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Antidoping Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Molaioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Antidoping Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-8126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Botr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Antidoping Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana  Rome Italy"},{"name":"REDs\u2014Research and Expertise on Anti\u2010Doping Sciences, ISSUL\u2014Institute des Sciences du Sport Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2016.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1032939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543780903176407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110903"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.9.1798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.78.4.973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ERC-200035093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Doping Analysis (4)","author":"Rendic S","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Detection on Endogenous Testosterone","author":"Donike M","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency.Endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids\u2014measurement and reporting WADA Technical Document TD2016EAAS.2016.http:\/\/www.wada-ama.org. 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