{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:06:11Z","timestamp":1760403971342,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether hydromorphone and codeine can be detected in oral fluid specimens following administration of Substitol\u2122, a slow\u2010release formulation of morphine. This is of interest for those monitoring treatment compliance using drug testing. Oral fluid specimens collected for compliance assessment in routine clinical practice or as part of a clinical trial were subjected to quantitative analysis of hydromorphone, morphine, codeine, and 6\u2010acetylmorphine using highly sensitive mass spectrometric methods. Oral fluid was collected using a Greiner Bio\u2010One saliva collection system. Patients undergoing substitution treatment with Substitol\u2122, methadone, or buprenorphine were included, together with patients undergoing pain treatment with hydromorphone. Hydromorphone was detected in 642 of the 663 (97%) samples from substitol\u2010treated patients. Concentrations were not higher in methadone\u2010 and buprenorphine\u2010treated patients who relapsed into heroin use, or in patients on hydromorphone therapy. Codeine was detected in 29% of the samples. These concentrations were lower than those in patients who had relapsed to heroin use. Clinical administration of morphine can lead to detectable concentrations of both hydromorphone and codeine in oral fluids. This should be taken into consideration when using drug testing in oral fluid samples for compliance assessment in this patient group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T01:53:30Z","timestamp":1626054810000},"page":"1743-1748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hydromorphone and codeine concentrations in oral fluid specimens from patients receiving substitution therapy with Substitol\u2122 (morphine sulfate)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8757-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Lierheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology MVZ Medizinische Labore Dessau Kassel GmbH  Dessau\u2010Ro\u00dflau 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