{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:20:27Z","timestamp":1790598027433,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013934","name":"Bundesministerium des Innern, f\u00fcr Bau und Heimat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The testing strategy for the detection of testosterone (T) or T\u2010prohormones is based on the longitudinal evaluation of urinary steroid concentrations accompanied by subsequent isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)\u2010based confirmation of samples showing atypical concentrations or concentration ratios. In recent years, the IRMS methodology focussed more and more on T itself and on the metabolites of T, 5\u03b1\u2010 and 5\u03b2\u2010androstanediol. These target analytes showed the best sensitivity and retrospectivity, but their use has occasionally been challenging due to their comparably low urinary concentrations. Conversely, the carbon isotope ratios (CIR) of the main urinary metabolites of T, androsterone (A) and etiocholanolone (EITO), can readily be measured even from low urine volumes; those however, commonly offer a lower sensitivity and shorter retrospectivity in uncovering T misuse. Within this study, the CIRs of A and ETIO were combined with their urinary concentrations, resulting in a single parameter referred to as \u2018difference from weighted mean\u2019 (DWM). Both glucuronidated and sulfated steroids were investigated, encompassing a reference population (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009110), longitudinal studies on three individuals, influence of ethanol in two individuals, and re\u2010analysis of several administration studies including T, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and T\u2010gel. Especially DWM calculated for the sulfoconjugated steroids significantly prolonged the detection time of steroid hormone administrations when individual reference ranges were applied. Administration studies employing T encompassing CIR common for Europe (\u221223.8\u2030 and \u221224.4\u2030) were investigated and, even though for a significantly shorter time period and less pronounced, DWM could demonstrate the exogenous source of T metabolites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:25:00Z","timestamp":1634203500000},"page":"1835-1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sensitive detection of testosterone and testosterone prohormone administrations based on urinary concentrations and carbon isotope ratios of androsterone and etiocholanolone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7462-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Piper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Haenelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Fussh\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  K\u00f6ln Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Thevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Preventive Doping Research \u2013 Institute of Biochemistry German Sport University Cologne  K\u00f6ln Germany"},{"name":"European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA)  Cologne\/Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2021.https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/2021list_en.pdf accessed 03.05.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"WADA Technical Document \u2013 TD2021EAAS. WADA Science\/EAAS Working Group.https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/td2021eaas_final_eng_0.pdf accessed 03.05.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"WADA Technical Document \u2013 TD2021IRMS. WADA Science\/IRMS Working Group.https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/td2021irms_final_eng.pdf accessed 03.05.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-4886-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"3147","article-title":"Doping test results dependent on genotype of UGT2B17, the major enzyme for testosterone glucuronidation","volume":"81","author":"Schulze JJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin End & Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2005.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.15","article-title":"13C\/12C ratios of endogenous urinary steroids investigated for doping control purposes","volume":"1","author":"Piper T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Test Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90116-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Doping Analysis","author":"Flenker U","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1457"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1481-8683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-6949-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2007.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","article-title":"Are contaminated eggs a potential source of minute amounts of clomiphene in doping control samples?","author":"Euler L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Recent Advances In Doping Analysis (29). 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