{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:38:27Z","timestamp":1786977507010,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Performance\u2010enhancing substances and methods have become a serious problem in competitive sports. The hypoxia\u2010inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers can enhance the organism's capacity for molecular oxygen transport and are likely to be abused as performance\u2010enhancing agents in sports. This paper describes the metabolic conversion of the popular hypoxia inducible factor\u2010prolyl hydroxylase (HIF\u2010PH) inhibitors, namely, daprodustat, desidustat, and vadadustat using equine liver microsomes, determined on a QExactive high\u2010resolution mass spectrometer. During this study, a total of 10 metabolites for daprodustat (all are Phase I), 10 metabolites for desidustat (five each for Phase I and Phase II), and 15 metabolites for vadadustat (six for Phase I and nine for Phase II) were detected. The important findings of the current research are as follows: (1) All the three HIF\u2010PH inhibitor drug candidates are prone to oxidation, which results in corresponding hydroxylated metabolites; (2) in desidustat, hydrolysis and dissociation of oxime linkage also observed; (3) the glucuronic acid conjugate (except daprodustat) of the parent drugs as well as the monohydroxylated analogs were observed; (4) sulfonic acid conjugated metabolites were observed only for vadadustat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,29]],"date-time":"2021-10-29T11:36:31Z","timestamp":1635507391000},"page":"317-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In vitro studies of hypoxia inducible factor\u2010prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors daprodustat, desidustat, and vadadustat for equine doping control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Moses","family":"Philip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Khader","family":"Karakka Kal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Benedict","family":"Subhahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajudheen K.","family":"Karatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binoy","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zubair","family":"Perwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Forensic Unit Central Veterinary Research Laboratory  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707781058850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08R09FM"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.174.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.3.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ml100198y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0551-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000500232"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of ZYAN1, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anemia","volume":"66","author":"Jain MR","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b01686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"KawamotoRM WuS EvdokimovAG GreisKD BoyerAS WarshakoonNC.Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors and method of use.U.S. Patent2013; 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