{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:05:30Z","timestamp":1792065930753,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA041336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA041336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The psychopharmacological properties of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have attracted the interest of several generations of scientists. While further explorations involving novel LSD\u2010type compounds are needed to assess their potential as medicinal drugs, the emergence of novel derivatives as recreational drugs has also been observed. 1\u2010Valeroyl\u2010LSD (also known as 1\u2010valeryl\u2010LSD, 1\u2010pentanoyl\u2010LSD, 1V\u2010LSD, or \u201cValerie\u201d) is a new <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010acylated LSD derivative that recently appeared on the online market, and it could be viewed as a higher homolog of ALD\u201052, 1P\u2010LSD, and 1B\u2010LSD. The present study included the analytical characterization and involved various methods of mass spectrometry (MS), gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, GC\u2013solid\u2010state infrared (GC\u2010sIR) analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The in vivo activity of 1V\u2010LSD was assessed using the mouse head\u2010twitch response (HTR), a 5\u2010HT<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\u2010mediated head movement that serves as a behavioral proxy in rodents for human hallucinogenic effects. Similar to LSD and other psychedelic drugs, the HTR induced by 1V\u2010LSD was dose dependent, and the median effective dose for 1V\u2010LSD was 373\u2009nmol\/kg, which was about a third of the potency of LSD (ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u2009132.8\u00a0nmol\/kg). Lysergamides containing the <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010substituent typically act as weak partial agonists at the 5\u2010HT<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor and are believed to serve as prodrugs for LSD. 1V\u2010LSD is also likely to be hydrolyzed to LSD and serve as a prodrug, but studies to assess the biotransformation and receptor pharmacology of 1V\u2010LSD should be performed to fully elucidate its mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T01:53:35Z","timestamp":1637978015000},"page":"733-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1\u2010valeroyl\u2010<scp>d<\/scp>\u2010lysergic acid diethylamide (1V\u2010LSD)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8632-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon D.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierce V.","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Trinity Centre for Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Folker","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Narcotics\/Toxicology State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Pulver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Narcotics\/Toxicology State Bureau of Criminal Investigation Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stratford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synex Synthetics BV  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8344-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geraldine","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Trinity Centre for Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Science Sligo Institute of Technology  Sligo Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5096-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam L.","family":"Halberstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19570400619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"StollA HofmannA TroxlerF.Lysergic acid derivatives acylated at the indol nitrogen. 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