{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:15:11Z","timestamp":1788869711517,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The group of P2P precursors including\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN),\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010phenylacetoamide (APAA) and methyl\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylphenylacetate (MAPA) has become increasingly popular in Europe and other parts of the world in the last decade. Previous investigations have reported the use of APAAN in the synthesis of amphetamine and methamphetamine and identified a range of characteristic impurities. This research has expanded upon the current literature by investigating the use of MAPA in the synthesis of methamphetamine.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this study methamphetamine was synthesized via three common clandestine methods: the Leuckart synthesis and two reductive amination methods. We report the identification of seven impurities, four of which are methyl ester equivalents of impurities previously reported for the detection of APAAN. These are methyl 2\u2010phenylbut\u20102\u2010enoate, methyl 2\u2010phenyl\u20103\u2010hydroxybutanoate, methyl 3\u2010(methylamino)\u20102\u2010phenylbut\u20102\u2010enoate and methyl 3\u2010(methylamino)\u20102\u2010phenylbutanoate. The other impurities identified are ethyl ester compounds formed via transesterification of the methyl ester due to the reaction solvent. This susceptibility for transesterification suggests that identification of the pre\u2010precursor used may not always be straightforward and may be dependent on the reaction conditions employed. Of the impurities reported, methyl 3\u2010(methylamino)\u20102\u2010phenylbutanoate was deemed to be a potentially reliable impurity for detection of the use of MAPA; however, it is expected that lower levels of characteristic impurities may be detected in methamphetamine synthesized from MAPA than that from APAAN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T04:53:43Z","timestamp":1647838423000},"page":"1310-1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impurity profiling of methamphetamine synthesized from methyl\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    \u2010acetylphenylacetate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6104-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna","family":"Langone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Painter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Hulshof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Forensic Institute  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Oldenhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Forensic Institute  The Hague Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4341-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Paul","family":"Kirkbride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering Flinders University  Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2021","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/9789210056762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/3dad3e8d-en"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Impurity profiling\/comparative analyses of samples of 1\u2010phenyl\u20102\u2010propanone","volume":"57","author":"Krawczyk W","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"The Netherlands and Synthetic Drugs: An Inconvenient Truth","author":"Tops P","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/2ee08c04-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2020.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15227\/orgsyn.018.0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.38.2726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9005588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3009302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Erowid.Synthesis of phenylacetic acid2004.https:\/\/erowid.org\/archive\/rhodium\/chemistry\/phenylacetic.html. 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