{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:03:59Z","timestamp":1786590239219,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003747","name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Empirical data regarding dynamic alterations in illicit drug supply markets in response to the COVID\u201019 pandemic, including the potential for introduction of novel drug substances and\/or increased poly\u2010drug combination use at the \u201cstreet\u201d level, that is, directly proximal to the point of consumption, are currently lacking. Here, a high\u2010throughput strategy employing ambient ionization\u2010mass spectrometry is described for the trace residue identification, characterization, and longitudinal monitoring of illicit drug substances found within &gt;6,600 discarded drug paraphernalia (DDP) samples collected during a pilot study of an early warning system for illicit drug use in Melbourne, Australia from August 2020 to February 2021, while significant COVID\u201019 lockdown conditions were imposed. The utility of this approach is demonstrated for the de novo identification and structural characterization of \u03b2\u2010U10, a previously unreported naphthamide analog within the \u201cU\u2010series\u201d of synthetic opioid drugs, including differentiation from its \u03b1\u2010U10 isomer without need for sample preparation or chromatographic separation prior to analysis. Notably, \u03b2\u2010U10 was observed with 23 other drug substances, most commonly in temporally distinct clusters with heroin, etizolam, and diphenhydramine, and in a total of 182 different poly\u2010drug combinations. Longitudinal monitoring of the number and weekly \u201caverage signal intensity\u201d (ASI) values of identified substances, developed here as a semi\u2010quantitative proxy indicator of changes in availability, relative purity and compositions of street level drug samples, revealed that increases in the number of identifications and ASI for \u03b2\u2010U10 and etizolam coincided with a 50% decrease in the number of positive detections and an order of magnitude decrease in the ASI for heroin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T20:40:21Z","timestamp":1652474421000},"page":"1576-1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Trace residue identification, characterization, and longitudinal monitoring of the novel synthetic opioid \u03b2\u2010U10, from discarded drug paraphernalia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Political Science The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"School of Social and Political Science The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Leeming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"DiRago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  Southbank Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Gerostamoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  Southbank Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Richmond Community Health  Richmond Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Addiction Medicine Service Royal Melbourne Hospital  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute Curtin University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ziogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin E.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106540"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.646206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15620"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088\u2010198308050\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.13.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00257a012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"HarperNJ VeitchGBA.Ethylene diamine derivatives.1977 US. Patent US4049663A."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"SzmuszkovicJ.AnalgesicN\u2010(2\u2010[furylmethylamino and 2\u2010thienylmethylamino]cycloaliphatic)benzamides.1979 US. Patent US4153717A."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10110895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419\u2010015\u20100271\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa094"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010010\u20103485\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.4431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b920155f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.9b00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.109939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.1c00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.9b00112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2020.100237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2020.100245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.npsdiscovery.org\/reports\/monographs\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u20104939\u20106747\u20106_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053229614024218"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807067908"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889899006020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/swgdrug.org\/Monographs\/U10.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419\u2010018\u20100454\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419\u2010020\u201000539\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.swgdrug.org\/Monographs\/A10%20HCl.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.4.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.6.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376\u20108716(01)00145\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/nflisdata\/docs\/NFLIS_Synth-Opioids_2-naphthyl_U47700.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00352a005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024\u20103205(88)90638\u20108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33422-1","article-title":"U\u201050,488: a selective and structurally novel non\u2010Mu (kappa) opioid agonist","volume":"224","author":"Vonvoigtlander PF","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00105a028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00440"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3284","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.3284","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T06:31:20Z","timestamp":1760423480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.3284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.3284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.3284","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.26434\/chemrxiv-2022-2br4r","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}