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Quantitation of cocaine was achieved using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 230\u2009nm, whereas identification was accomplished utilizing gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS). Multiple calibration techniques, including the external calibration method (ECM), internal standard method (ISM), and standard addition method (SAM) were incorporated into the experimental design to simultaneously determine cocaine contents and assess matrix effects. Statistical paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests confirmed that matrix effects were not significant with the sample preparation employed. No damage to the features of the banknotes was observed from the extraction procedure. Extraction efficiency, spike recovery, and detection limit were also determined. The unique experimental design allowed for ECM, ISM, and SAM to concurrently determine the contents of cocaine on banknotes collected around Metro\u2010Detroit. The concentration range of cocaine was from 1.58 to 14.7\u00a0\u03bcg per note, with an average of 6.96\u2009\u03bcg per note. The method is simple and suitable for drug analysis and forensic science applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T04:15:56Z","timestamp":1653279356000},"page":"1665-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Determination of cocaine on banknotes using innovative sample preparation coupled with multiple calibration techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bilko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan\u2010Dearborn  Dearborn Michigan 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