{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:24:34Z","timestamp":1775255074441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater nicotine delivery is associated with higher nicotine concentrations in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids. However, there is a current debate as to whether this leads to increased dependence and mitigates ENDS public health potential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported dependence among users of <jats:italic>my<\/jats:italic>blu ENDS containing different nicotine concentrations was examined with data from a multiwave cross\u2010sectional survey of US young adults and adults. Questions examined responses related to dependence measures and participants' most often used <jats:italic>my<\/jats:italic>blu ENDS nicotine concentration (low: 0%, 1% and 1.2%; medium: 2%, 2.4% and 2.5%; or high: 3.6% and 4%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A global general linear model using nicotine concentration, age and days <jats:italic>my<\/jats:italic>blu that was used in the past 30 revealed a significant difference in PROMIS scores among nicotine concentration groups (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20094.07, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.02). However, pairwise comparisons to examine which specific groups differed significantly from others showed no significant differences. Logistic regression demonstrated that strong past 30\u2010day cravings to use <jats:italic>my<\/jats:italic>blu among participants using high or medium nicotine concentrations were not significantly different from those using a low concentration (ORs 0.66 [0.42, 1.03], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07 and 0.95 [0.49, 1.82], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.98, respectively). Time to daily first use for high or medium nicotine concentration users was not significantly different from those using a low concentration (ORs 0.89 [0.70, 1.14], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.35 and 0.84 [0.57, 1.25], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.40, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of <jats:italic>my<\/jats:italic>blu ENDS with different nicotine concentrations is not associated with differing levels of dependence. Our findings contradict the notion that high ENDS e\u2010liquid nicotine levels generate increased dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T03:44:33Z","timestamp":1655437473000},"page":"1270-1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Examination of the impact of <i>my<\/i>blu electronic nicotine delivery system e\u2010liquid nicotine strength on self\u2010reported measures of dependence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1038-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian M.","family":"Fearon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"whatIF? Consulting Ltd  Harwell UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan G. 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