{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:18:45Z","timestamp":1787167125772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109\u20102410\u2010H\u2010037\u2010016\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109\u20102410\u2010H\u2010037\u2010016\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109\u20102811\u2010H\u2010037\u2010500\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109\u20102811\u2010H\u2010037\u2010500\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Beta\u2010blockers have been prohibited by the World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA) in certain sports, but insufficient research data make it difficult to distinguish between therapeutic uses or misuses. This study aimed at investigating the urinary excretion pattern following beta\u2010blocker ophthalmic drops and the potential risk of constituting an adverse analytical finding (AAF) in sports. Prescribed timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops were used in healthy participants and glaucoma patients. The urine samples were then collected to investigate the urinary excretion pattern following acute and chronic administration of the above beta\u2010blocker ophthalmic drops. The liquid chromatograph\u2010tandem mass spectrometry method was applied for measuring urinary beta\u2010blockers. Our results demonstrated that the levels of both urinary timolol and carteolol exceeded the minimum reporting levels (MRL) following acute and chronic administration. The highest levels of urinary timolol and carteolol observed in the present study were 255.7 and 923.8\u2009ng\/ml, respectively. Regarding the acute administration of timolol ophthalmic drop, 26.19 (11\/42) of urine samples were detected with timolol higher than the MRL in timed and random sampling. In contrast, the acute administration of carteolol ophthalmic drops made the carteolol levels higher than the MRL among most urine samples. On the other hand, 36.36% (4\/11) of urine samples were detected with beta\u2010blockers higher than the MRL during the chronic administration of timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops. In the context of receiving ophthalmic beta\u2010blocker medications, the present study has highlighted the potential risk of constituting an AAF in specific sports and suggests strengthening athletes' awareness of therapeutic use exemptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T03:54:32Z","timestamp":1663041272000},"page":"75-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Urinary excretion patterns and potential risks of beta\u2010blocker ophthalmic drops in sports"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1586-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010An","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Yu","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Chih\u2010Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Master Degree Program in Toxicology Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Tse","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2801-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Antai Medical Care Cooperation Antai Tian\u2010Sheng Memorial Hospital  Pingtung County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Chich","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.017715"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442\u20109071.2004.00908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.3.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Prohibited List","author":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.2.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057700500512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem\u20102021\u2010001071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417\u2010002\u20100462\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249\u2010020\u201001774\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510601034736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.2.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228\u2010005\u20100945\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1980.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1978235606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency. WADA technical document \u2013 TD2022MRPL.2022. 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