{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:43:23Z","timestamp":1792035803990,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A growing number of clinical trials (CTs) are investigating the therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a non\u2010intoxicating phytocannabinoid found in\n                    <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These CTs often use crossover experimental designs requiring \u2018washout\u2019 (clearance) periods. However, the length of time CBD persists in plasma (its \u2018window of detection\u2019) is unclear and could be significant. Indeed, the structurally related phytocannabinoid, \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has a long window of detection in plasma. We investigated the extent to which CBD and its major metabolites persist in plasma. Data from three CTs that measured plasma cannabinoid concentrations \u22657\u2009days after administering a single oral dose of CBD were pooled. The CBD doses were as follows: CT #1: 300\u2009mg; CT #2: 200\u2009mg (and 10\u2009mg THC); and CT #3: 15, 300 and 1500\u2009mg (one per treatment session). Thirty\u2010two participants were included in the analysis, 17 of whom (from CT #3) provided repeated measures. Overall, 0% (15\u2009mg), 60% (200\u2009mg), 28% (300\u2009mg) and 100% (1500\u2009mg) of participants had detectable concentrations (i.e., &gt;0.25\u2009ng\u00b7ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of CBD in plasma \u22657\u2009days post\u2010treatment (some,\n                    <jats:italic>several weeks<\/jats:italic>\n                    post\u2010treatment). A zero\u2010inflated negative binomial mixed\u2010effects regression analysis (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.44;\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.73) predicted that, on average, a 13\u2009day washout period would reduce plasma CBD concentrations to \u2018zero\u2019 (i.e., &lt;0.25\u2009ng\u00b7ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) if a single oral dose of 300\u2009mg was consumed. Higher doses require longer washout periods; concomitant medications may also affect clearance. In conclusion, CBD has a long window of detection in plasma. Crossover studies involving CBD should, therefore, be conducted with caution, particularly when higher doses and\/or chronic dosing regimens are used.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T11:39:32Z","timestamp":1670413172000},"page":"334-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["How long does a single oral dose of cannabidiol persist in plasma? Findings from three clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7783-5220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"McCartney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard C.","family":"Kevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia S.","family":"Suraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayshe","family":"Sahinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Doohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Bedoya\u2010P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R.","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"RPA\u2014Charles Perkins Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla M.","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Science The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology Woolcock Institute of Medical Research  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain 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