{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:03:24Z","timestamp":1790845404762,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hair testing is a useful tool to investigate suspected pediatric exposure to drugs of abuse. Newborns and young children are at high risk of exposure to drugs of abuse from parents or caregivers who consumed these substances, a fact prosecuted by Spanish authorities as child abuse. A retrospective study based on a cohort of 37 cases classified using several parameters, which involve children under 12\u00a0years old, were analyzed at the Drugs Laboratory of the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (Madrid, Spain) between 2009 and 2021. Hair samples were tested for the presence of opiates, cocaine, ketamine, amphetamines, methadone, and cannabis using a gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) method. A 59% of the studied children had ages in the range of 1\u20133\u00a0years old, and in 81% of cases, victims required hospitalization. In 81% of cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930), hair was submitted only or in combination with other samples, and these were classified in four categories according to analyzed samples: A (only hair), B (hair and blood), C (hair and urine), and D (hair, blood, and urine). The 93.3% of these cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) showed a positive result of cannabinoids (THC and CBN in hair and THC\u2010COOH in urine; 71.4% <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920), cocaine and metabolites (benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene; 46.4% <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), opiates (morphine and 6\u2010acetylmorphine), and amphetamines (MDMA and MDMA; 3.10% <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Hair analysis matched positive results in cases where urine screening test was carried out previously (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) and in those cases where blood and\/or urine were also submitted (35.6% <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911). As a conclusion, hair analysis was confirmed as a useful tool to detect previous exposure to acute poisoning events in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T22:46:56Z","timestamp":1681253216000},"page":"941-952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Children victims of drug abuser parents: Hair testing as a forensic tool to assess exposure\u2014A cohort of 37 cases from Spain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Caballero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs Department National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Justice Ministry  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Antonia","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs Department National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Justice Ministry  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Ley Org\u00e1nica 8\/2021de 4 de junio de protecci\u00f3n integral a la infancia y la adolescencia frente a la violencia. Available online:BOE.es \u2010 BOE\u2010A\u20102021\u20109347 Ley Org\u00e1nica 8\/2021 de 4 de junio de protecci\u00f3n integral a la infancia y la adolescencia frente a la violencia. (accessed October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414\u2010017\u20101720\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology \u2013 2019 Version. American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Available online:https:\/\/www.aafs.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/documents\/036_Std_e1.pdf(accessed September 2022)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkt054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110808267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752\u20101947\u20105\u2010288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414\u2010004\u20100470\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie:2007030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"INTCF Annual Report 2020. Available online:REPORT 2020 (mjusticia.gob.es)(last accessed October 2022)."}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3478","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T16:48:55Z","timestamp":1760374135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.3478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.3478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.3478","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}