{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:39:14Z","timestamp":1786977554765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3300902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3300902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012304","name":"Three-Side Innovation Projects for Aquaculture in Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JC23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JC23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study presents a new strategy to discriminate between opium samples obtained from different geographical regions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling and chemometrics were applied to geographical classification of opium originating from Myanmar and Afghanistan, which are two major opium producing countries in the world. A total of 50 Myanmar and 46 Afghanistan authentic opium samples were analyzed by\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010NMR, and the chemical profiles were characterized. Different sample preparation procedures, data processing methods, and chemometrics were compared to obtain the best classification effect. It was found that drying and the addition of buffer solutions were unnecessary for classification purposes; thus, the gum opium samples were extracted directly with CD\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    OD, which shortened sample preparation time. A full discrimination between the two geographical origins was achieved by\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010NMR profiling and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. All 30 opium samples were classified correctly by the developed orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model. Compared with traditional chromatography and mass spectrometry profiling methods, the\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H\u2010NMR profiling method was faster (with instrument analysis time of less than 3\u00a0min) and reproducible. This study provides new insights into the applying of NMR profiling and chemometrics to rapid drug profiling analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T02:53:36Z","timestamp":1700794416000},"page":"879-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Geographical classification of opium samples from Myanmar and Afghanistan by NMR profiling and chemometrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cui\u2010Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of Ministry of Public Security  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of Ministry of Public Security  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9914-8349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue\u2010Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7331-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Dong","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center of Ministry of Public Security  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2007.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Opium cultivation in Afghanistan. Accessed November 20 2023.https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/crop-monitoring\/Afghanistan\/Opium_cultivation_Afghanistan_2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Myanmar Opium Survey 2022.Cultivation production and implications. Accessed November 20 2023.https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/cropmonitoring\/Myanmar\/Myanmar_Opium_Survey_2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200500078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Recommended method for testing opium morphine and heroin.1998. 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