{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:07:56Z","timestamp":1787162876702,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chlortalidone (CLT) is a thiazide\u2010type diuretic with high affinity for the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. Therapeutically, it is mostly used to treat edema and hypertension due to liver cirrhosis, heart insufficiency, or renal dysfunction. Although diuretics and masking agents are prohibited by the World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA) at all times in sports, substances belonging to this category are constantly detected in athlete samples, according to WADA's annual testing figures. Within this group of structurally diverse compounds, a threshold of 20\u2009ng\/mL has been introduced for six substances solely due to their presence as contaminants in other permitted drugs because of pharmaceutical production processes. In a recent presumptive doping case with a low urinary CLT concentration, the question of unintentional doping, for example, by contaminated non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drug intake, arose. To examine this potential scenario, a co\u2010elimination of low\u2010dose CLT and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTA; 20\u2009\u00d7\u200950\u2009\u03bcg, 0.2\u2009mg\/day each) was conducted on five consecutive days in two volunteers. Urine samples were subjected to liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Moreover, we examined the incorporation of CLT in scalp hair. HCTA is rapidly excreted renally in comparatively high concentrations. In contrast, the elimination of CLT is considerably slower (terminal elimination half\u2010life extended by a factor of 12) and, consequently, much less concentrated in corresponding urine samples (45 and 53\u2009ng\/mL, respectively). Conversely, a higher hair incorporation of chlorthalidone was observed with simultaneous dosing of both. The results suggest that an unintentional intake of sub\u2010therapeutic CLT doses due to contamination might result in an adverse analytical finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T23:57:34Z","timestamp":1708387054000},"page":"1378-1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elimination profile of low\u2010dose chlortalidone and its detection in hair for doping analysis\u2014Implication for unintentional non\u2010therapeutic exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Detlef","family":"Thieme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden  Kreischa Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden  Kreischa Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Anielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden  Kreischa Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Krumbholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden  Kreischa Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sporkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit Lausanne and Geneva Universities  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annekathrin M.","family":"Keiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden  Kreischa Germany"},{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Endocrinology TU Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"The Prohibited List\u2014World Anti\u2010Doping Code, International Standard","author":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210\u2010022\u201002228\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00561667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1979256806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1975174424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79565-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253608"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Review: therapeutic potential of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors","volume":"32","author":"Rahman S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2021.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.82a.14091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000103632.19915.0E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/975934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2110730"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592\u2010021\u201001689\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"DAPI.Absatz von Thiaziden und Thiazid\u2010\u00e4hnlichen Diuretika zu Lasten der GKV von 2017 bis 2020.2022.https:\/\/www.dapi.de\/fileadmin\/media\/files\/pdfs\/zahldesmonats\/ZdM_2022-02_Diuretika_2017-2020_Grafik.pdf 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