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Wastewater samples were collected over the four festival days (December 12\u201315, 2019), as well as during corresponding days before and after the event. The samples underwent filtration, acidification, solid\u2010phase extraction (SPE) for pre\u2010concentration, and analysis using ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2013MS\/MS) with calibration using deuterated internal standards. The measured concentration ranges in the wastewater samples were as follows: benzoylecgonine (BE, a metabolite of COC use) ranged from 760\u2009\u00b1\u200930 to 8914\u2009\u00b1\u2009252\u2009ng\/L, COC (non\u2010metabolized or directly discharged) ranged from 1182\u2009\u00b1\u200925 to 6,760\u2009\u00b1\u200995\u2009ng\/L, cocaethylene (COE, a metabolite of alcohol\u2010COC use) ranged from 21\u2009\u00b1\u00a010 to 161\u2009\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0ng\/L, and MDMA (ecstasy) ranged from 18\u2009\u00b1\u00a05 to 613\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009ng\/L. Daily wastewater loads were estimated as 0.81\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.03 to 11.69\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.33\u2009g\/day for BE, 1.42\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.03 to 8.06\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.11\u2009g\/day for COC, 0.02\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.01 to 0.21\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.01\u2009g\/day for COE, and 0.02\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.01 to 0.80\u2009\u00b1\u00a00.02\u2009g\/day for MDMA. Notably, COE and MDMA were only detected above the quantification limit during the festival days. The data enable estimating that COC consumption doubled during the event days. The COC\/BE ratio indicated likely drug disposals on the event's last day and the subsequent week. The study's findings shed light on illicit substance consumption, assisting in public health programs and combating drug trafficking efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T03:11:43Z","timestamp":1711595503000},"page":"88-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Wastewater surveillance to assess cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine use trends during a major music festival in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cezar Silvino","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Setor T\u00e9cnico\u2010Cient\u00edfico da Para\u00edba Pol\u00edcia Federal  Jo\u00e3o Pessoa Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas Universidade Federal do Rio 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