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However, concerning ATS determination in hair samples, this approach has only been applied so far to amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MAMP). This study aimed at developing and validating a MEPS\u2010based procedure for the determination in hair of not only AMP and MAMP but also of 3,4\u2010methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 1\u2010(1,3\u2010benzodioxol\u20105\u2010yl)propan\u20102\u2010yl (ethyl)amine (MDE) and N\u2010methyl\u20101\u2010(1,3\u2010benzodioxol\u20105\u2010yl)\u20102\u2010aminobutane (MBDB) as well.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Hair, 50\u2009mg, was incubated with 1\u00a0M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 45\u00b0C overnight, neutralization with 10\u00a0M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and centrifugation followed. The design of experiments approach was used for MEPS optimization, with the final optimized conditions including conditioning (250\u2009\u03bcL methanol and deionized water), loading (18\u2009\u00d7\u2009100\u2009\u03bcL) and elution (7\u00a0\u00d7\u2009100\u2009\u03bcL 2% NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>OH in acetonitrile). The eluted extract was evaporated to dryness and underwent microwave\u2010assisted derivatization with N\u2010methyl\u2010bis(trifluoroacetamide) (MBTFA), and it was afterwards injected onto the gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometer (GC\u2013MS).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The obtained recoveries ranged between 8% and 14% for AMP, 14% and 20% for MAMP, 10% and 15% for MDA, 18% and 28% for MDMA, 25% and 43% for MDE and 34% and 52% for MBDB, and the method was linear from 0.2 to 5.0\u00a0ng\/mg. Precision and accuracy were in accordance with international method validation guidelines. This novel method involving MEPS coupled to GC\u2013MS offers a swift, eco\u2010friendly and cost\u2010effective alternative to traditional procedures for detecting these AMPs in hair samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T01:13:08Z","timestamp":1722474788000},"page":"761-771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Determination of amphetamines in hair samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS\u2010UBI)  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia\u2010UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Y.","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS\u2010UBI)  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia\u2010UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS\u2010UBI)  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia\u2010UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB) \u2013 Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlphaBiolabs  Warrington UK"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Qu\u00edmica e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ci\u00eancias Forenses \u2010 Delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Sul  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS\u2010UBI)  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia\u2010UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB) \u2013 Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24875\/RIC.23000110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.139599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010012\u20100815\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (ONUDC). 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