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While AAS use is most prevalent among people in athletics, there is also high lifetime prevalence of AAS use among prisoners. This study reports the qualitative detection of AASs in seized samples from the Scottish prisons from 2019\u20132023. Additionally, methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of AASs using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and applied to 61 samples of tablets or powders seized from Scottish prisons between July 2022 and July 2023. Since 2022, there has been an increase in AAS detections in the Scottish prisons. Oxymetholone was the most prevalent AAS, followed by metandienone (methandrostenolone, methandienone), methyltestosterone, oxandrolone, mestanolone (methylandrostanolone), stanozolol, and androstenedione. Multiple AASs were found in 21 samples and 10 samples contained other drugs, including amitriptyline, sertraline, zopiclone, mirtazapine, sildenafil, etizolam, \u0394<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol, and the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB\u2010INACA. Most AAS samples were tablets (77.0%), although they were also detected in powders, herbal material, e\u2010cigarettes, and a fragmented soap bar\u2010type sample. There was a large variation in the concentration of AASs in the tablets and powders seized from the Scottish prisons, demonstrating AASs are another highly variable component of the polydrug use situation in prisons, the effects of which need to be examined further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T07:58:51Z","timestamp":1724140731000},"page":"858-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changing trends in anabolic\u2010androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2322-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5713-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard L.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8789-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna A.","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9338-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamh","family":"Nic Da\u00e9id","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, School of Science and Engineering University of Dundee  Dundee UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199607043350101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs: 2016 National Survey Results","author":"Begley E","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Prisoner survey 2011","author":"Carnie J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Prisoner Survey 2015","author":"Carnie J","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Prisoner Survey 2013","author":"Carnie J","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Prisoner Survey 2017","author":"Carnie J","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"National Offender Management Service.North West \u2018Through the Gate Substance Misuse Services\u2019 Drug Testing Project \u2013 Further Public Health Monitoring Study \u2013 North West Final Report 2015. 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