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We therefore investigated the relationship between self\u2010reported cocaine use and cocaine hair concentrations (including its main metabolites benzoylecgonine and norcocaine) in chronic cocaine users voluntary participating in psychiatric study settings. Additionally, we tested whether hair testing can distinguish between individuals with and without a diagnosis of cocaine dependency. Cocaine users (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009195) from three independent experimental studies reported their average powder cocaine consumption in g\/week over the last 3\u20134\u2009months in an interview and provided a 3\u2010 to 4\u2010cm hair sample assayed with liquid chromatography tandem\u2010mass spectrometry. Moreover, study participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID\u2010IV) for psychiatric diagnoses. Using linear regression models, we found a robust correlation between cocaine<jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub> (sum of cocaine and metabolites) hair concentration and self\u2010reported cocaine use in g\/week (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>cocainetotal<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating that 1000\u2009pg\/mg cocaine<jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub> corresponded to a use of 0.80\u2009g\/week (confidence interval [95%]: 0.56\u20131.07\u2009g\/week). In logistic regression models, cocaine<jats:sub>total<\/jats:sub> hair concentration predicted cocaine dependency with a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.65 (threshold 0.5), suggesting its acceptable capacity to distinguish dependent from non\u2010dependent cocaine users. The findings may have significant implications for forensic and clinical practices, encouraging the use of hair analysis as a potential tool for monitoring cocaine use and dependence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T23:14:50Z","timestamp":1730416490000},"page":"1186-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations Between Self\u2010Reported Cocaine Use Patterns and Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Hair: Implications for Clinical and Forensic Practices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Grison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pharmacopsychology and Psychological Addiction Research, Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich University of Zurich  Zurich 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