{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:38:03Z","timestamp":1793014683778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drug checking services (DCS) are entities that allow recreational drug users to have street drug samples analyzed. Diverse analytical methods are applied for DCS, ranging from test strips to mass spectrometry (MS). This work evaluates the performance and utility of common methodologies used for DCS operating with off\u2010site drug testing, while additionally assessing the potential of gas chromatography coupled to vapor phase infrared spectroscopy (GC\u2013IR). Gas chromatography MS (GC\u2013MS), GC\u2013IR, and high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC\u2013DAD) were evaluated based on the analysis of 145 street drug samples obtained from two Swiss DCS. Additionally, attenuated total reflection Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR\u2013FTIR) was applied and is briefly discussed. A combined total of 245 analytes (including adulterants and cutting agents) were detected. GC\u2013MS presented the greatest number of detected compounds, with a sensitivity of 96% compared with the sum of all analytes, followed by HPLC\u2013DAD with 82%, while GC\u2013IR showed limited sensitivity with 70%. GC\u2013IR underperformed regarding the detection of low\u2010abundant adulterants and of the main active ingredients in strongly adulterated samples. This study discusses the limitations and strengths of the evaluated methods in the specific context of DCS, while providing insights into the occurrence of false declarations (differing analytical results compared with alleged drug identity) and the distributions of adulterants and cutting agents in street drug samples. Based on our results, complementary approaches are considered the most valuable. Finally, the promotion of comprehensive guidelines regarding the quality and suitability of analytical methods for DCS would be highly desired.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1735188971000},"page":"1405-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of ATR\u2013FTIR, HPLC\u2013DAD, GC\u2013MS, and GC\u2013IR for the Analysis of 145 Street Drug Samples From Drug Checking Services"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9959-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela\u00a0Carla","family":"Monti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Basel  Basel 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