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Its misuse could affect the performance of horses and mask injuries, which could pose significant health risks. In horseracing, it is reported as an adverse finding once detected in competition. The metabolism of 2HES in either human or horse has not been reported, and therefore, little is known about its metabolic fate. This paper describes the in\u00a0vivo metabolism of 2HES in horse with an objective to identify the most appropriate target(s) for detecting 2HES administration. To study the elimination and biotransformation of 2HES, topical administrations were performed by giving three castrated horses (geldings) each a total of 100\u2010g Tensolvet gel (equivalent to 5\u2009g of 2HES). The postulated in\u00a0vivo metabolites included glucuronide\u2010conjugated 2HES (2HES\u2010Glu) and sulphate\u2010conjugated 2HES (2HES\u2010SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) from Phase II conjugation possibly at hydroxyethyl moiety and salicylic acid (SA) from hydrolysis of 2HES. To control the misuse of 2HES in horses effectively, 2HES was found to be the most suitable target. Total 2HES could be detected for up to 10\u2009days in urine, whereas free 2HES could be detected for 16\u2009h in plasma. As the maximum concentration of SA in postadministration urine and plasma sample did not exceed its corresponding international thresholds, monitoring the amount of SA could not be used as an indicator for possible 2HES exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:15:14Z","timestamp":1741824914000},"page":"1785-1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vivo Metabolic Studies of 2\u2010Hydroxyethyl Salicylate in Horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen\u00a0S.\u00a0M.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian\u00a0F.","family":"Farrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Hong Kong Jockey Club  Sha Tin Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmie\u00a0N.\u00a0M.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Racing Laboratory Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha tin Racecourse  Sha Tin Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing\u2010Tak","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010012\u20105860\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021\u20109673(95)00370\u20133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration \u00c9questre Internationale \u201cEquine Prohibited Substances List\u2014Controlled Medication \u201d (2023) accessed November 16 2023 Available at:https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023%20Controlled%20Medication.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"International Federation of Horseracing Authorities \u201cArticle 6A of the International Agreement on Breeding Racing and Wagering [Online] \u201d (2023) accessed January 24 2024 https:\/\/www.ifhaonline.org\/default.asp?section=IABRW&area=2#article6a."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"International Federation of Horseracing Authorities \u201cArticle 6D of the International Agreement on Breeding Racing and Wagering [Online] \u201d (2023) accessed January 24 2024 https:\/\/www.ifhaonline.org\/default.asp?section=IABRW&area=2#article6d."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20102697(89)90596\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010009\u20103047\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines4030048"},{"volume-title":"Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies","year":"2006","author":"Flomenbaum N. 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