{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:25Z","timestamp":1786977625156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluates the methamphetamine contamination routes through exposure to sweat, smoke in the environment and direct contact, as well as the effectiveness of decontamination procedures. For sweat exposure, drug\u2010free hair samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) were sprayed with artificial sweat containing amphetamine and methamphetamine at either \u2018low\u2019 (2.6 and 6.5\u2009ng\/mL, respectively) or \u2018high\u2019 concentration (3.1 and 25.2\u2009ng\/mL, respectively), 5 times (2\u2009mL each time) per day for 5\u2009days. In the smoke exposure, 2\u2009mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride powder was heated and vapourised on one side of an enclosed cardboard box containing hair (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910) on the other side. In the direct contact with methamphetamine powder, 0.6\u2009mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride was rubbed gently by hand onto hair (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) for 1\u2009min. Each contaminated hair sample was then subjected to either one of the 3 wash methods, namely, (1) sequential wash using dichloromethane, water, and methanol; (2) sequential wash by hexane and acetone; and (3) methanol wash only. All solvents and hair samples were analysed. The results show that it was relatively difficult to remove methamphetamine from the hair that was exposed to methamphetamine in artificial sweat, followed by methamphetamine smoke and then direct contact with the methamphetamine powder. None of the wash methods was able to completely remove amphetamine and methamphetamine from the contaminated hair. Overall, methods (1) and (3) show better decontamination efficacy than method (2), probably due to the polar protic nature of the solvents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T09:26:45Z","timestamp":1743758805000},"page":"1848-1856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Romancing the Three States of Methamphetamine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1333-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si\u00a0Jia","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division Health Sciences Authority  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngak\u00a0Lee","family":"Tan\u2010Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division Health Sciences Authority  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u00a0Pang","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division Health Sciences Authority  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooi\u00a0Yan","family":"Moy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Division Health Sciences Authority  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.08.022"},{"issue":"415","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"996","article-title":"Comparison of Urine and Hair Testing for Drugs of Abuse in the Control of Abstinence in Driver's License Re\u2010Granting","volume":"4","author":"Dufaux B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/29.5.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e3182a377e8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800048-9.00006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2018.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8030061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02052-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Society of Hair Testing. \u201cConsensus on Drugs of Abuse (DoA) Testing in Hair (Revision 2021) \u201dhttps:\/\/www.soht.org\/consensus."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Forensic & Clinical Toxicology Association Inc. \u201cFACTA Recommended Practice Guidelines for Drug Testing in Hair \u201dhttps:\/\/www.facta.org.au\/guidelines\u2010policies\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"Notice of Proposed Revisions to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs","volume":"69","author":"SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)","year":"2004","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Society of Hair Testing. \u201cConsensus on Hair Testing (Revision 2022) \u201dhttps:\/\/www.soht.org\/consensus."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2007.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Hair Analysis in Asia. 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