{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:55:54Z","timestamp":1791478554936,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Drug\u2010checking programs use point\u2010of\u2010need testing (e.g., test strips) and laboratory\u2010based analysis to rapidly identify emerging drug threats, but each has limitations. Test strips are quick but compound or class specific, whereas laboratory testing can identify more compounds but have lengthy turnaround times. To address these limitations, it was proposed that compounds could be extracted from used test strips for additional analyses allowing for rapid on\u2010site information followed by comprehensive laboratory results. The method development process involved four parts: determining the optimal extraction approach, assessing the feasibility of performing direct analysis in real\u2010time mass spectrometry (DART\u2010MS) analysis on extracts, determining the limits of detection (LODs) for a range of analytes, and evaluating the method using used test strips submitted by harm reduction sites. The optimized method consisted of extracting analytes of interest from a cut test strip using 0.5\u2010mL methanol while vortexing for 10\u2009s. DART\u2010MS successfully identified the compounds of interests, and the test strip chemical background was identified. LODs were found to be as low as a mass fraction of 0.005 in a mixture. For the samples submitted by harm reduction sites, concordance between extracts and test strip results was 96%, and the agreement in compound identification between used test strip extracts and authentic drug collection samples was approximately 80% regardless of test strip type and preparation. This work shows that additional analyses of extracted test strips can provide a low\u2010barrier way for high\u2010quality testing that can be used to increase data on the drug landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:10:15Z","timestamp":1750273815000},"page":"2054-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an Optimized Extraction Method to Recover Drug Material From Used Test Strips for Comprehensive Drug Checking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9840-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan\u00a0G.","family":"Appley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3305-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise\u00a0M.","family":"Pyfrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae\u00a0A.","family":"Elkasabany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Rousch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0252-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Sisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"F.Ahmad J.Cisewski L.Rossen andP.Sutton Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics 2024 accessed November 12 2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug\u2010overdose\u2010data.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.103037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010018\u20100276\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2024.100594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010023\u201000764\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010021\u201000585\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.103972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2023.100489"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (LAPPA) Drug Checking Equipment Needles\/Syringes and Drug Paraphernalia: Summary of State Laws 2024 accessed November 12 2024 https:\/\/legislativeanalysis.org\/drug\u2010checking\u2010equipment\u2010needles\u2010syringes\u2010and\u2010drug\u2010paraphernalia\u2010summary\u2010of\u2010state\u2010laws\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"E.Sisco A. S.Moorthy S. S.Tennyson andR.Corzo NIST\/NIJ DART\u2010MS Data Interpretation Tool National Insititute of Standards and Technology 2021 accessed November 12 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18434\/mds2\u20102448."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"E.Sisco andA. S.Moorthy NIST DART\u2010MS Forensic Database (Is\u2010CID). National Institute of Standards and Technology 2020 accessed November 12 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18434\/mds2\u20102313."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"BTNX Inc Harm Reduction 2024 accessed November 12 https:\/\/www.btnx.com\/HarmReduction."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1989.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010023\u201006451\u20102"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T16:28:24Z","timestamp":1767025704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.3911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.3911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.3911","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.26434\/chemrxiv-2024-r7kmt","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}