{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T02:15:00Z","timestamp":1762136100403,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    MDMA, commonly known as \u201cecstasy,\u201d is widely used in clubs and at festivals, earning its reputation as a \u201cparty drug.\u201d The increasing demand for rapid on\u2010site dose estimation of MDMA in tablets arises from the need of various stakeholders, including law enforcement, emergency services, and public health officials, to respond appropriately to potential public safety risks and incidents. This study evaluates the performance of two portable spectroscopic techniques (near\u2010infrared [NIR] and Fourier\u2010transform\u2010infrared [FT\u2010IR]) combined with chemometric modelling for estimating the MDMA dose in tablets. Ninety\u2010eight seized tablets were measured on\u2010site with both spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by the reference techniques: gas chromatography (GC) combined with a mass spectrometer (MS) and a flame\u2010ionization detector (FID). Considering the correlation values (NIR:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.64 for indirect contact with intact tablets, 0.87 for direct contact with homogenized tablets; FT\u2010IR:\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.84) and the RMSEP values (NIR: 8.0 for indirect contact with intact tablets, 5.9 for direct contact with homogenized tablets; FT\u2010IR: 5.4), both spectroscopic techniques provide a reliable dose prediction in comparison to the GC\u2010FID results. Moreover, these devices are suitable for rapid on\u2010site application. The instruments' choice depends on several factors, such as speed, safety measures, and laboratory support for modelling. However, determining the MDMA dose does not address all health risks. Other factors, such as the presence of low\u2010dosed substances (undetectable on\u2010site) and the combination of MDMA with other drugs and\/or alcohol also play a significant role. Therefore, laboratory analysis remains essential for comprehensive safety assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T23:59:57Z","timestamp":1753228797000},"page":"2228-2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Two Spectroscopic Techniques to Estimate the MDMA Dose of Ecstasy\u2010Like Tablets, an On\u2010Site Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Meert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Forensic Drug Expertise\u2014Forensic Drugs Laboratory National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9238-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Segers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Forensic Drug Expertise\u2014Forensic Drugs Laboratory National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Van\u00a0Durme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Forensic Drug Expertise\u2014Forensic Drugs Laboratory National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Eliaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Forensic Drug Expertise\u2014Forensic Drugs Laboratory National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X17007099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-6-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cMDMA\/\/\/Beyond Ecstasy State Commission on MDMA \u201d Netherlands The Hague (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Spectroscopic Techniques for On\u2010Site Drug Testing of Festival Seizures","volume":"17","author":"Meert N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction \u201cEuropean Drug Report 2023 \u201d Publications Office LU (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"\u201cFIELDLAB\u2014Develop NIR Spectroscopy Apps for Any Substance \u201d (2024) accessed on 12\/30\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"DrugsData.org: Lab Analysis\/Drug Checking for Recreational Drugs accessed on 12\/16\/2024 https:\/\/www.drugsdata.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3356"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2022.123441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","article-title":"Amphetamine\u2010Type Stimulants: Novel Insights Into Their Actions and Use Patterns","volume":"75","author":"Paz\u2010Ramos M. I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Revista de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/22.5.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c02821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \u201cSynthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia Latest Developments and Challenges \u201d (2024) accessed on 12\/30\/2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"M.Bovens J.Nagy T.Csesztregi L.Dujourdy andA.Frans \u201cGuidelines on Sampling of Illicit Drugs for Quantitative Analysis \u201d (2014) ENFSI."}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.3933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T02:12:27Z","timestamp":1762135947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.3933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.3933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.3933","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1942-7603"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1942-7611"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}