{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:50:07Z","timestamp":1776963007908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This 10\u2010year retrospective study evaluates hair ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a direct metabolite of ethanol, in a large Northern Italian cohort (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200968,221 samples collected between 2013 and 2022). The analysis aimed to evaluate long\u2010term alcohol consumption through the EtG distribution in terms of age, gender, recidivism, applicants, sampling region, sampling length, and the impact of seasonality and the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Hair EtG was determined by HPLC\u2010MS\/MS, and samples were classified according to the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) recommended cut\u2010offs: EtG \u2264\u20095\u2009pg\/mg (does not contradict abstinence), 5\u2009&lt;\u2009EtG\u2009&lt;\u200930\u2009pg\/mg (repeated alcohol consumption), and EtG\u2009\u2265\u200930\u2009pg\/mg (chronic excessive alcohol consumption). A descriptive sensitivity analysis using SoHT cut\u2010offs was performed to allow international comparability. The percentage (%) of hair samples classified as repeated or chronic excessive alcohol consumption was 13.6% (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099,281) and 5.6% (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093,818), respectively. EtG values significantly varied with gender and age as well as referral context. We observed statistically significant differences in EtG concentrations recorded in head, chest, axillary, and pubic hair samples. Significantly higher EtG values were detected in 3\u2010cm proximal head hair versus the 3\u2010 to 6\u2010cm proximal segment as well as across seasons, with a higher concentration in colder months. Conversely, no measurable short\u2010term population impact of COVID\u201019 was revealed by hair EtG, whereas a significant long\u2010term influence was highlighted. Overall, despite a large variability of EtG concentrations, this study provides robust evidence of the reliability of hair EtG testing and offers a comprehensive overview of long\u2010term alcohol consumption trends in a monitored Italian population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:37:33Z","timestamp":1771486653000},"page":"518-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethyl Glucuronide in Hair: A 10\u2010Year Overview"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Casati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0859-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta\u00a0F.","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Palmisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ostinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Tossicologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Roda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Facchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Informatica Giovanni Degli Antoni Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1558-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Orioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Information System on Alcohol and Health \u201d (2023) https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/topics\/sdg\u2010target\u20103_5\u2010substance\u2010abuse."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cGlobal Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 \u201d (2018) Geneva WHO https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/274603."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.13.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) \u201c2019 Consensus for the Use of Alcohol Markers in Hair for Supporting the Assessment of Abstinence and Chronic Alcohol Consumption \u201d (n.d.)https:\/\/www.soht.org\/images\/pdf\/Revision_2019_Alcoholmarkers.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Society of Hair 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