{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:56:18Z","timestamp":1787932578642,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/06397\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/06397\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The growing prevalence of substance use and its associated health consequences highlights the need for reliable approaches to assess consumption patterns and validate self\u2010reported data. This study, conducted at an international music festival in Portugal, aimed to characterise substance use by integrating objective toxicological findings with self\u2010reported information. Quantitative hair analysis was combined with survey data from 249 participants recruited in 2022 and 2023. Hair samples were analysed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry to detect psychoactive substances and metabolites. Self\u2010reported use was assessed across multiple timeframes, from same\u2010day consumption to use within the previous year. Alcohol (96%) and cannabinoids (90%) were the most frequently self\u2010reported substances overall, based on lifetime self\u2010reported use. Overall, 50% of participants tested positive for at least one compound in the analysed hair samples, with cocaine, MDMA and ketamine being the most commonly detected substances (24.5%, 24.1% and 22.9%, respectively). Some participants who denied consumption tested positive, particularly for MDMA and ketamine. Self\u2010reported non\u2010use was inversely associated with hair positivity for MDMA (OR\u2009=\u20090.25, 95% CI: 0.09\u20130.65) and ketamine (OR\u2009=\u20090.19, 95% CI: 0.09\u20130.40), compared with self\u2010reported users. Discrepancies were also observed for cannabinoids, highlighting limitations of self\u2010reported data. Strong correlations were identified between cocaine and benzoylecgonine, and between cannabis\u2010related analytes (cannabidiol and THC), supporting the consistency of the toxicological results. Integrating self\u2010reported data with objective biological measures improved data reliability, revealed polydrug use patterns and supported substance use monitoring in high\u2010risk populations such as music festival attendees in this high\u2010exposure festival setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:38:05Z","timestamp":1776980285000},"page":"831-840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recreational Drug Use at a Music Festival: A Dual Approach Using Hair Biomarkers Analysis and Participant Self\u2010Reported Drug Use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3199-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.\u00a0Y.","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2010Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia, UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0469-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2010Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia, UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB)\u2010Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AlphaBiolabs  Warrington UK"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Qu\u00edmica e Toxicologia Forenses Instituto de Medicina Legal e Ci\u00eancias Forenses \u2010 Delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Sul  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6611-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Andraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cansford Laboratories Limited  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE\u2010Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco\u2010Toxicologia, UBIMedical Universidade da Beira Interior  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB)\u2010Grupo de Problemas Relacionados com Toxicofilias  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00914509211009901"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687630903357692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12090635"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17459261211235100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Underreporting of Drug Use Among Electronic Dance Music Party Attendees","volume":"59","author":"Palamar J. 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