{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:53:44Z","timestamp":1787698424835,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008635","name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA022361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA022361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interpretation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is complicated by between\u2010subject variation in the PEth concentrations after matched ethanol exposure. Previous research suggests differences in PEth formation rates may explain this variability but lacks within\u2010subject assessments. This study assesses the extent of variability in PEth formation rates in ex\u00a0vivo whole blood across a range of ethanol concentrations, with repeated ethanol exposures in blood collected 1\u2009month apart, and the relationship of phosphatidylcholine concentration and PEth formation rate. Whole blood from 10 participants was collected via venipuncture. For each participant, blood was divided into separate samples and incubated with ethanol concentrations ranging 0\u2013236.7\u2009mg\/dL at 37\u00b0C. Aliquots were removed from each sample every hour for 5\u2009h. PEth 16:0\/18:1 concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. PEth formation rates were determined as the slope of linear regressions of PEth concentration over time. The experiment was repeated 1\u2009month later for each participant. The relationship between PEth formation rate and phosphatidylcholine concentration was evaluated with linear regression analysis. PEth formation rate increased with increasing ethanol concentration, with variability between participants, but was consistent within\u2010subject. Different PEth formation rates at the same ethanol concentration were observed in four individuals across two blood collection timepoints. No relationship was observed between phosphatidylcholine concentrations and formation rates, consistent within participants. PEth formation rate varies between individuals and within some individuals. PEth concentrations should be used to monitor an individual's ethanol use over time rather than compared between individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:23:36Z","timestamp":1776903816000},"page":"821-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) Formation Rates Within and Between Subjects in Ex\u00a0Vivo Whole Blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidyn\u00a0G.","family":"Stark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus\u00a0J.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Hill\u2010Kapturczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John\u00a0D.","family":"Roache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4646-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett\u00a0C.","family":"Ginsburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556\u20104029.13874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012921.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.936293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.13.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Alcohol and Its Biomarkers. 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