{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:54:16Z","timestamp":1790848456159,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regulatory testing of cannabis and hemp commonly prioritizes As, Cd, Pb, and Hg, yet inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP\u2010MS) workflows often require extensive tuning and method setup that can be difficult to implement in resource\u2010limited laboratories. Although general guidance exists, quantitative ranges for critical settings are still sparsely documented for cannabis matrices, and \u201cone\u2010set\u201d conditions may not transfer well across instruments. To address this gap, we developed a resource\u2010efficient, low\u2010run screening strategy intended to reduce trial\u2010and\u2010error, reagent consumption, and instrument time when only a limited number of runs is feasible, using two linked 12\u2010run, resolution\u2010III Plackett\u2013Burman designs generated in R. First, key ICP\u2010MS parameters were screened under QC conditions to define a stable operating region. Second, digestion factors (acid composition\/volumes, temperature program, sample mass, and predigestion) were assessed using spiked inflorescence samples. Apparent effects were identified using standard screening diagnostics and supported by two\u2010factor trend visualizations. The screening highlighted three underreported practical contributors\u2014RF power, peristaltic\u2010pump speed, and operation without inrun dilution\u2014as dominant drivers of robustness, together with element\u2010dependent recovery drivers: As was mainly governed by HCl level; Cd and Hg by coupled HCl volume\u2009\u00d7\u2009sample mass trends; and Pb by combined heating\u2010ramp\/HNO\u2083 and temperature\/predigestion patterns. Because resolution\u2010III designs alias main effects with specific two\u2010factor interactions, the numerical effects should be interpreted as first\u2010pass screening estimates rather than definitive optima and require higher resolution confirmation. Overall, the study provides a quantitative map of factor relevance for cannabis metal digestion and narrows the experimental space for subsequent optimization and validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:45:51Z","timestamp":1784004351000},"page":"1277-1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leveraging Limited Runs for Robust Information: A Resource\u2010Efficient ICP\u2010MS Approach for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in Cannabis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel\u00a0Arias","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICP\u2010MS Laboratory, Deanship of Scientific Research\u2010Faculty of Science Universidad de los Andes  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"},{"name":"Division 1.1\u2014Inorganic Trace Analysis (ITA<sub>Lab<\/sub>) Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-8425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan\u00a0Mutis","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry. Department, Universidad de los Andes  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9791-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Carazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry. Department, Universidad de los Andes  Bogot\u00e1 Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572\u2010025\u201000473\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsab173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b820898k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b511367a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Multi\u2010Element Analysis of Cannabis using the Agilent 7800 ICP\u2010MS","author":"Jones C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Determination of Heavy Metals in Cannabis and Hemp Products Following AOAC Method for ICP\u2010MS","author":"Jones C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Digestion, Testing, and Validation of Heavy Metals in Cannabis","author":"Hineman A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY00436E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2AY05182F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-007-0776-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010024\u201005250\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-025-05809-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Title Design and Analysis of Experiments With R","author":"CRC Press","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v032.i07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2021.106104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"596","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Experiments With R","author":"Lawson J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-016-1344-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Multi\u2010Element Analysis of Cannabis Using the Agilent 7800 ICP\u2010MS Crude Oil Elemental Analysis View Project","author":"Nelson J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"Digestion, Testing, and Validation of Heavy Metals in Cannabis","author":"Hineman A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2021.100078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Eurachem Guide: The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods\u2014A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics","author":"Magnusson B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"A Table of Polyatomic Interferences in ICP\u2010MS","volume":"19","author":"May T. W.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atomic Spectroscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0584-8547(02)00164-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-05116-5"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.70118","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:56:28Z","timestamp":1790844988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.70118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.70118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.70118","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}