{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:54:13Z","timestamp":1790848453508,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001364","name":"University of Florida Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Kratom (\n                    <jats:italic>Mitragyna speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has traditionally been used for stimulant and analgesic effects, yet its safety profile remains poorly understood given its complex polypharmacology and rapidly evolving commercial formulations. It contains a wide variety of indole alkaloids, with mitragynine (MTG) as the major constituent and most abundant psychoactive alkaloid. There has been a rapid growth of the kratom market, accompanied by a marked increase in kratom\u2010related exposures, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States, coinciding with the introduction of kratom\u2010derived semisynthetic products, as reflected in rising poison control center calls reported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this context, the present study aims to analyze commercially available kratom products collected from multiple locations using a UPLC\u2013MS\/MS method, with the objective of characterizing their alkaloid profiles and assessing labeling accuracy and product integrity. Results demonstrated substantial variability in alkaloid composition across tablets, films, and liquid shots, with frequent inconsistencies between labeled and actual contents. Products often contained additional unreported alkaloids or lacked those listed on the label; however, most still included pharmacologically and toxicologically active compounds, such as 7\u2010hydroxymitragynine (7\u2010HMG) and 3\u2010dehydromitragynine (3DMTG), respectively. Overall, these findings indicate inconsistent manufacturing practices, labeling inaccuracies, and potential adulteration, along with the risk of exposure to highly potent mu\u2010opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. Collectively, this highlights the need for improved regulatory oversight and strengthened post\u2010marketing surveillance, including real\u2010time poison control center data, to ensure consumer safety.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T02:33:03Z","timestamp":1784082783000},"page":"1286-1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mislabeling and Status of Semisynthetic Kratom\u2010Derived Products in the US Market"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Gour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6087-6587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva\u00a0Rama\u00a0Raju","family":"Kanumuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushobhan","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory\u00a0K.","family":"Pullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi Poison Control Center, Department of Emergency Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center  Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen\u00a0J.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of South Carolina  Columbia South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8695-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher\u00a0R.","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-4039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhisheak","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2022.101442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.801855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Singh A.Noory A. 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C.Patel andS.Gandhi \u201cKratom as a Therapeutic Option for Opioid Use Disorder: A Comprehensive Review \u201d Research Posters Rowan University Libraries (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31986\/issn.2689\u20100690_rdw.stratford_research_day.104_2025.","DOI":"10.31986\/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.104_2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2008.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010018\u20100685\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines6010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b00360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c00726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010024\u201005689\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.05.16.654392"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2021.35.S1.05475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2023.2242361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7511a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2026.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2026.2670611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration \u201cNational Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) \u201d Springfield VA (2023) https:\/\/www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/contact.xhtml?jfwid=WZ5_5o1gNGxMyEdX3xJD0BbqT\u2010mx7gdEjhTqYsaA."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"\u201cStatement From FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb M.D. on New Warning Letters FDA Is Issuing to Companies Marketing Kratom With Unproven Medical Claims; and the Agency's Ongoing Concerns About Kratom \u201d (2018) http:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news\u2010releases\/statement\u2010from\u2010fda\u2010commissioner\u2010scott\u2010gottlieb\u2010md\u2010on\u2010new\u2010warning\u2010letters\u2010fda\u2010is\u2010issuing\u2010to\u2010companies\u2010marketing\u2010kratom\u2010with\u2010unproven\u2010medical\u2010claims\u2010and\u2010the\u2010agencys\u2010ongoing\u2010concerns\u2010about\u2010kratom\u2010300710461.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2025.2522162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2025.2592879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-27412-1.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsaf094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001603"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2025.2565428"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2026.103047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.105224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/psychoactives5010007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010023\u201000974\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association \u201cKratom: Summary of State Laws 2026 \u201d Retrieved June 26 2026 https:\/\/legislativeanalysis.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Kratom\u2010Summary\u2010of\u2010State\u2010Laws.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318\u2010025\u201000939\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration \u201cHiding in Plain Sight: 7\u2010OH Products \u201d (2025) Retrieved June 26 2026 https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/information\u2010consumers\u2010and\u2010patients\u2010drugs\/hiding\u2010plain\u2010sight\u20107\u2010oh\u2010products."}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70122","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.70122","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:56:57Z","timestamp":1790845017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.70122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.70122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.70122","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}