{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:54:15Z","timestamp":1790848455980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Illicit use of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) agents represents an imminent threat to gene doping control in equine sports. The effectiveness and safety of lipid nanoparticle\u2010encapsulated mRNA agents (LNP\u2010mRNA), which have been well\u2010proven during COVID\u201019 pandemic, have resulted in prominent growth of the interest on LNP\u2010mRNA agents for expressing desired proteins in\u00a0vivo. The vast number of potential performance\u2010enhancing mRNAs has demanded cost\u2010effective and reliable methods for their detections. This study employed a multimodal analysis approach to detect an LNP\u2010mRNA product (\u201cLNP\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>epo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d hereafter) arising from encapsulation of a black\u2010market product of human erythropoietin (hEPO) mRNA. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) components were detected by liquid chromatography\/high\u2010resolution tandem mass spectrometry after supported liquid extraction; hEPO mRNA was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction after RNA extraction; hEPO protein was detected by sandwich enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Comparative elimination analysis of LNP\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>epo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in blood samples collected from an administered horse showed the longest detection time achieved by LNP monitoring (at least 34\u2010day postadministration), followed by hEPO mRNA detection (up to 30\u2009days in whole blood; up to 17\u2009days in plasma), and shortest by hEPO protein detection (up to 3\u2009days). Together with its low analysis cost, broad coverage of LNP components, expandable scope and independence from mRNA sequence modifications and the need for specific reagents (e.g., primers, antibodies), the detection of LNP can be a fit\u2010for\u2010purpose screening method for monitoring the misuse of LNP\u2010mRNA in equine sports. The other two approaches could provide insight on the intentional effect elicited by LNP\u2010mRNA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:42:33Z","timestamp":1785800553000},"page":"1311-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Elimination Analysis of Lipid Nanoparticle\u2010Encapsulated Human Erythropoietin mRNA by Multimodal Approaches Suggests an Effective Doping Control Strategy for mRNA\u2010Based Agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7136-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kin\u2010Sing","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Racing Laboratory The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sha Tin Racecourse  Sha Tin N. 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