{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T17:25:52Z","timestamp":1786814752807,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102021\u201002981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102021\u201002981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000204","name":"Vancouver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F0120\u20105607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F0120\u20105607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The emergence of nitazene compounds in the illicit drug supply is a significant and increasing concern due to their high potency and rapid evolution in several parts of the world. Nitazenes create challenges for harm reduction drug checking services, where there is a need to provide relevant information about the composition of drug samples to people who use drugs. While targeted paper spray mass spectrometry has demonstrated abilities for drug checking, it is difficult to keep analysis methods up to date for the rapidly evolving drug supply. We have developed a precursor ion scan method that monitors four common nitazene product ions paired with tooling to streamline data interpretation. Twenty\u2010five control samples received at a community\u2010level drug checking service were used in method development and evaluation to ensure direct applicability to illicit drug samples. Using the developed method, three nitazene compounds, \u2010pyrrolidino protonitazene, \u2010desethyl etonitazene, and \u2010pyrrolidino ethylene isotonitazene, were detected across 18 samples where a nitazene was not previously detected upon preliminary targeted analysis. This approach demonstrates rapid, nontargeted screening for the detection of emerging nitazenes, ultimately allowing more complete information about the composition of drug samples to be provided to people who use drugs, as well as public health monitoring and epidemiology. Data collected through drug checking service delivery found that nitazene compounds were most commonly detected in place of expected pharmaceutical opioids, combined with benzodiazepines, and in complex opioid mixtures alongside fentanyl. These findings highlight the wide\u2010ranging presence of nitazene compounds in the illicit drug supply.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T05:54:06Z","timestamp":1786773246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Nitazenes in the Illicit Drug Supply Utilizing Precursor Ion Scan Methods With Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Allie","family":"Miskulin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Shkolnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8253-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jindar","family":"Sboto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre For Health and Environmental Mass Spectrometry Vancouver Island University  Nanaimo British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin","family":"Kielty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0360-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"School of Social Work University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris G.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Centre For Health and Environmental Mass Spectrometry Vancouver Island University  Nanaimo British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis K.","family":"Hore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Victoria  Victoria British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-5899.70000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00001-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsir.2024.100375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2025.112794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03774-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.70185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Toronto's Drug Checking Service \u201cN\u2010Desethyl Etonitazene and Protonitazepyne: \u201cNew\u201d Nitazene Opioids Circulating in Toronto's Unregulated Opioid Supply \u201d (2024) https:\/\/drugchecking.community\/drug\u2010information\/n\u2010desethyl\u2010etonitazene\u2010and\u2010protonitazepyne\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada \u201cNitazenes in Apparent Opioid Toxicity Deaths in Canada \u201d (2025) https:\/\/health\u2010infobase.canada.ca\/src\/doc\/substance\u2010related\u2010harms\/nitazene\/Nitazene_Infographic_Sept_2025_EN.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.q2465"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Office for Health Improvement & Disparities \u201cDeaths Linked to Potent Synthetic Opioids \u201d (2024) https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/deaths\u2010linked\u2010to\u2010potent\u2010synthetic\u2010opioids\/deaths\u2010linked\u2010to\u2010potent\u2010synthetic\u2010opioids."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"K. H.Binningen A.Hunder J.Kebrle andA.Rossi \u201cBenzimidazoles \u201d (1960) 2935514 https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US2935514A\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hlca.19600430323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"P. A. J.JanssenandJ. F.Gardocki \u201cMethod for Producing Analgesia \u201d (1964) 3141823 https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US3141823A\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(92)90047-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01486702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06451-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2025.2504133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Behavioural Effects and Naloxone Effectiveness With New Synthetic Opioids","volume":"0","author":"Nielsen S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5AN00086F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxac.2025.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"112717","article-title":"Detection and Characterization of a New Nitazene Analogue, Butodesnitazene: A Collaborative Approach to the Identification of Novel Psychoactive Substances Through Drug Checking","volume":"2025","author":"Mayer A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04102-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Substance \u201cVancouver Island Drug Checking Project \u201d accessed July 7 2025 https:\/\/substance.uvic.ca."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3921"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.5c00081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","unstructured":"M.K\u00f6sters J.Leufken S.Schulze et\u00a0al. \u201cpymzML 2.5.6 Documentation \u201d accessed July 3 2025 https:\/\/pymzml.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"\u201cN\u2010Desethyl Etonitazene \u201d (2023) Center for Forensic Science Research and Education Horsham PA https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/nps\u2010discovery\/monographs\/n\u2010desethyl\u2010etonitazene."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","unstructured":"\u201cN\u2010Pyrrolidino Protonitazene \u201d (2023) Center for Forensic Science Research and Education Horsham PA https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/nps\u2010discovery\/monographs\/n\u2010pyrrolidino\u2010protonitazene."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"\u201cSubstance Drug Checking: Annual Review 2024 \u201d (2024) accessed June 24 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","unstructured":"Expert Committee on Drug Dependence \u201cCritical Review Report:N\u2010Pyrrolidino Protonitazene (Protonitazepyne) \u201d (2024) https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default\u2010source\/controlled\u2010substances\/47th\u2010ecdd\/n\u2010pyrrolidino\u2010protonitazene\u201047th\u2010ecdd\u2010critical\u2010review\u2010public\u2010version.pdf?sfvrsn%3D1d210d9_2."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","unstructured":"\u201cScope Recommendations: Most Recent Recommendations From q4 2025 \u201d (2025) Center for Forensic Science Research and Education Horsham PA https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/nps\u2010discovery\/scope\u2010recommendations."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","unstructured":"A. J.Krotulski S. E.Walton D. M.Papsun J.DeBord M. F.Fogarty andB. K.Logan \u201cNew Nitazene AnalogueN\u2010Pyrrolidino Protonitazene Impacting Drug Markets in North America and Europe \u201d (2023) Center for Forensic Science Research and Education United States https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/images\/content\/reports\/public_alerts\/Public_Alert_N\u2010Pyrrolidino_Protonitazene_230829AK.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Wrbas T. R.Sundermann V.Auw\u00e4ter andL. M.Huppertz \u201cA Case of Fatal Intoxication With the Novel Synthetic Opioid N\u2010Pyrrolidino Protonitazene \u201d (2025) International Journal of Legal Medicine.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03618-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2025.104751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","unstructured":"T.Brown B. K.Logan andA. L. A.Mohr \u201cEmerging Global Synthetic Opioid Threat: Increasing Reports of Nitazene Toxicity \u201d (2025) Center for Forensic Science Research and Education Horsham PA https:\/\/www.cfsre.org\/images\/content\/reports\/public_alerts\/Nitazene_Alert_Jan2024_ColomboPlan_010625_Final2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2025.110512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-025-01287-9"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.70135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T16:28:55Z","timestamp":1786811335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.70135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.70135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.70135","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"dta.70135"}}