{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:03:05Z","timestamp":1789524185100,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Betamethasone sodium phosphate (BETP) is a glucocorticosteroid used in humans. The primary objective was to estimate irrelevant plasma (IPC) and urine (IUC) concentrations using a pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic approach based on systemic clearance estimated from intravenous (IV) pharmacokinetic data. As a secondary objective, detection times (DTs) following IV, intramuscular (IM), and intranasal jet (INJ) administration were estimated for medication control. Plasma and urine concentrations were obtained from a total of 20 horses in Japan and Germany, with some horses contributing to more than one route after single IV (0.06\u2009mg\/kg,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097; 0.04\u2009mg\/kg,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098), single IM (20\u2009mg\/horse,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097), and multiple INJ (4\u2009mg\/horse for 5\u2009days,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) administration. The data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed\u2010effects model. The plasma clearance was 276\u2009mL\/kg\/h, and the steady\u2010state urine\u2010to\u2010plasma ratio was 25.8. For IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04\u2009mg\/kg every 24\u2009h, the IPCs were 0.018 and 0.012\u2009ng\/mL, and the corresponding IUCs were 0.47 and 0.31\u2009ng\/mL, with the latter IUC close to the current International Federation of Horseracing Authorities international screening limit (ISL) (0.2\u2009ng\/mL). All horses fell below the ISL within 72\u2009h after single IV administration at 0.06 and 0.04\u2009mg\/kg and after single IM administration, whereas all horses fell below the ISL within 48\u2009h after INJ administration. The applicability of the estimated DTs should be interpreted according to the regulatory framework governing the use of human BETP formulations and their routes of administration in the relevant jurisdiction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:36:25Z","timestamp":1788503785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population Pharmacokinetics and Detection Times of Betamethasone After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Intranasal Jet Administration of Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate in Horses"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Shimotsuke Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology  Fuchu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Machnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Thevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Minamijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Analysis Department Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Utsunomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6949-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Ngai\u2010Wa","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Analysis Department Laboratory of Racing Chemistry  Utsunomiya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Shimotsuke Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3998-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Mizobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center Japan Racing Association  Inashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Veterinary Medicine Division, Equine Research Institute Japan Racing Association  Shimotsuke Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Department Main Office Japan Racing Association  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Louis","family":"Toutain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences The Royal Veterinary College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1710\u20101492\u20109\u201030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton L. 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