{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:02:25Z","timestamp":1789945345404,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In doping control, the primary strategy for confirming testosterone (T) and its metabolites relies on triggering Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) via abnormalities in the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). However, this approach is often ineffective in populations with low baseline T, such as females or individuals with UGT2B17 deletions, where ABP fluctuations are too subtle to trigger an IRMS investigation. To address this limitation, this study introduces a novel strategy that utilizes a putative T precursor as a specific trigger for IRMS analysis. Three volunteers (Male 1, with normal urinary T; Male 2, with low urinary T; and a female) were administered a single 40\u2010mg oral dose of 6\u03b2\u2010Cl\u2010T. Urinary steroid profiles were monitored by GC\u2010MS\/MS, and the exogenous origin of steroids was confirmed by GC\u2010C\u2010IRMS. Male 1 exhibited an atypical ABP that triggered IRMS confirmation, revealing exogenous T administration. In contrast, Male 2 and the female volunteer showed negligible ABP variations, insufficient to trigger analysis and posing a high risk of false\u2010negative results. However, the novel metabolites (G1 and M1) were detected in the urine samples of all three volunteers. Using the new metabolites as a new trigger criterion, we subsequently conducted IRMS analysis on Male 2 and the female, which confirmed the presence of exogenous T and its metabolites. These findings suggest G1 or M1 is a putative biomarker for detecting exogenous AAS in low\u2010level T populations, particularly UGT2B17 deletion males and females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:34:31Z","timestamp":1789943671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Putative Testosterone Precursor Helps to Overcome ABP Limitations in Doping Detection for Low Urinary Testosterone Populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2786-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genye","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry China Agricultural University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8631-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0781-1487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0164-8230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Anti\u2010Doping Laboratory Beijing Sport University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry China Agricultural University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.09.010","article-title":"Testosterone and Sport: Current Perspectives","volume":"61","author":"Wood R. I.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.3c00162","article-title":"Development of a Rapid, Targeted LC\u2010IM\u2010MS Method for Anabolic Steroids","volume":"34","author":"Wedge A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093526","article-title":"Anabolic Agents: Recent Strategies for Their Detection and Protection From Inadvertent Doping","volume":"48","author":"Geyer H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101609","article-title":"Androgens, Sports, and Detection Strategies for Anabolic Drug Use","volume":"36","author":"Walpurgis K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79088-4_7","volume-title":"Doping in Sports","author":"R. Kazlauskas R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.14.9","article-title":"Advances in the Detection of Designer Steroids in Anti\u2010Doping","volume":"6","author":"Abushareeda W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70105","article-title":"Chemical Characterization of an Emerging Designer Steroid, 6\u2010Bromo\u2010Androst\u20104\u2010en\u20103,17\u2010Dione, via NMR and LC\u2010HRMS and GC\u2010HRMS","volume":"18","author":"He G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2026.119283","article-title":"Software\u2010Assisted Decoding a Newly Emerging Steroid 6\u03b2\u2010Bromo\u2010Androstenedione Metabolism: LC\u2013HRMS Prediction Meets GC\u2013HRMS Verification","volume":"229","author":"He G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2510","article-title":"Identification of the Anabolic Steroid 6\u03b2\u2010Chlorotestosterone in a Dietary Supplement","volume":"11","author":"Falconer T. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2025.109720","article-title":"In Vitro Metabolic Profiling of 6\u2010Chloro\u2010Testosterone and 6\u2010Ene\u2010Testosterone by Liquid Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry (LC\u2010MS) and Gas Chromatography\u2010Time of Flight (GC\u2010TOF) Mass Spectrometry","volume":"225","author":"Mart\u00ednez_Brito D.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110869","article-title":"A Multi\u2010Technique Based Analytical Platform for Characterization and Identification of a Newly Emerged Steroid 6\u03b2\u2010Chlorotestosterone and Its In\u2010Vivo Epimeric Metabolites","volume":"203","author":"He G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2026.467296","article-title":"Automated Discovery of Conjugates Drives a Reverse\u2010Metabolomics Strategy: From LC\u2010HRMS\u2010Based Phase II Prediction to GC\u2010HRMS Validation of Phase I Metabolites of 6\u03b2\u2010Chlorotestosterone","volume":"1785","author":"He G.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2511","article-title":"Semi\u2010Quantitative Determination of Designer Steroids by High\u2010Performance Liquid Chromatography With Ultraviolet Detection in the Absence of Reference Material","volume":"11","author":"Voelker S. E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) Operating Guidelines https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/en\/resources\/world\u2010anti\u2010doping\u2010program\/athlete\u2010biological\u2010passport\u2010abp\u2010operating\u2010guidelines."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3579","article-title":"Influence of Multiple Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administrations on Serum and Urinary Steroid Athlete Biological Passport Profiles in Males","volume":"15","author":"Goodrum J. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3853","article-title":"Impact of Repeated Glucocorticoid Oral Administration on the Urinary Steroid Profile","volume":"17","author":"Coll S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Testing and Analysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","unstructured":"\u201cWADA TD2021EAAS \u201dhttps:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/en\/resources\/lab\u2010documents\/td2021eaas."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2024.465224","article-title":"A Novel Ultra\u2010High\u2010Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Hyphenated to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Urinary Endogenous Steroids in the Anti\u2010Doping Context","volume":"1734","author":"Langer T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058669","article-title":"Detection of Testosterone Administration Based on the Carbon Isotope Ratio Profiling of Endogenous Steroids: International Reference Populations of Professional Soccer Players","volume":"43","author":"Strahm E.","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cWADA TD2022IRMS \u201dhttps:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/en\/resources\/lab\u2010documents\/td2022irms."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3846","article-title":"Detection of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Administration in UGT2B17 del\/del and del\/ins Individuals. 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