{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:01:59Z","timestamp":1790229719788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016167","name":"Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Kunst, Kultur, \u00f6ffentlichen Dienst und Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current gel\u2010electrophoretic assays for detecting erythropoietin (EPO) and its analogs depend on the high analytical sensitivity of the anti\u2010EPO antibody clone AE7A5. Consequently, AE7A5 is specified in WADA Technical Document TD2024EPO as the primary antibody recommended to be used on Western blots. However, the TD also permits the usage of \u201cother anti\u2010human EPO antibodies with similar specificity and sensitivity characteristics provided they have been duly validated.\u201d So far, a validated alternative to AE7A5 with comparable performance for the Western blot is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a large\u2010scale evaluation of commercially available anti\u2010human EPO antibodies. A total of 164 antibodies (69 polyclonal, 95 monoclonal) were screened for sensitivity relative to AE7A5. The recombinant rabbit monoclonal clone HL1794 emerged as the preferred candidate, outperforming AE7A5 in both sensitivity and specificity. The antibody was further characterized in urine matrices. All four tested EPO receptor agonists (BRP\u2010EPO, NESP, EPO\u2010Fc, and CERA) were detectable in 10\u2010mL urine samples at concentrations down to at least 0.1\u00d7 the minimum required performance levels (MRPLs) specified in TD2024EPO. Non\u2010specific binding remained minimal despite the use of a secondary detection antibody. Two commercial conjugation formats of HL1794 were also evaluated: HRP conjugation reduced analytical sensitivity relative to the unconjugated clone, whereas biotinylation produced a substantially elevated background signal. The presented findings are highly promising and represent a valuable advancement for electrophoretic ERA detection methodologies. Additional interlaboratory validation studies may further strengthen the future implementation of HL1794 in routine anti\u2010doping applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:25:07Z","timestamp":1790227507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Evaluation of Commercial Antibodies for High Sensitivity Detection of EPO\u2010Doping on Western Blots"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4256-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Reichel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doping Control Laboratory Seibersdorf Seibersdorf Labor GmbH  Seibersdorf Austria"},{"name":"European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Gmeiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doping Control Laboratory Seibersdorf Seibersdorf Labor GmbH  Seibersdorf Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry\/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Thevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry\/Center for Preventive Doping Research German Sport University Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA) \u201cProhibited List 2026 \u201d accessed April 13 2026 https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025\u201009\/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35015164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-989369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)38633-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency (WADA) \u201cTechnical Document\u2014TD2024EPO. Harmonization of Analysis and Reporting of Erythropoietin (EPO)\u2010Receptor Agonists (ERAs) and Transforming Growth Factor\u2010Beta (TGF\u2010\u03b2) Signalling Inhibitors by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoretic (PAGE) Analytical Methods \u201d Version 1.0. 11 March2024 https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\u201003\/td2024epo_eng_final.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"C.Reichel \u201cIdentification and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Urinary Proteins Other Than EPO Binding to Clone AE7A5 Anti\u2010Human EPO Antibody \u201d accessed December 19 2025 https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/reichel_07a04cr_2_0.pdf;https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/en\/resources\/scientific\u2010research\/identification\u2010and\u2010mass\u2010spectrometric\u2010characterization\u2010urinary."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Stemcell Technologies \u201cEPO Immunoaffinity Isolation Plate \u201d accessed December 19 2025 https:\/\/www.stemcell.com\/products\/epo\u2010immunoaffinity\u2010isolation\u2010plate.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency \u201cInternational Standard for Laboratories \u201d2021 https:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/isl_2021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8793-1_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1915"}],"container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70152","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dta.70152","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dta.70152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:25:09Z","timestamp":1790227509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dta.70152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dta.70152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dta.70152","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-7603","1942-7611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-7603","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"dta.70152"}}