{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:50:09Z","timestamp":1792057809916,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug Testing and Analysis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chiral amphetamine analysis is performed in forensic toxicology to determine the nature of amphetamine intake (therapeutic or illicit). It is crucial to the correct interpretation of amphetamine\u2010positive hair samples in terms of abstinence control and therapy compliance, where hair analysis is used to evaluate the average amphetamine use over a period of several months. However, interpretative challenges arise when different medication intakes and\/or illicit drug consumption events contribute to the hair analysis result. Therefore, a retrospective study of authentic casework was conducted (2017\u20132025,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009340) to assess the performance of chiral amphetamine analysis in hair and to enhance the interpretation of its results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Two liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) based methods were used and compared, based on chiral derivatization (i.e., indirect method) or a chiral stationary phase (i.e., direct method). Chiral analysis results are expressed as enantiomeric fractions (EF) of (\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010amphetamine in hair.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chiral analysis results in hair were interpreted as in accordance with therapy compliance (e.g., Elvanse or Attentin) (EF \u2265\u20090.95,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009284) or illicit amphetamine use (EF \u2264\u20090.55,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200932). Between these proposed cut\u2010offs, the results were indicative of combined use of medical and illicit amphetamine or of therapeutic use of mixed amphetamine salts products (e.g., Adderall) (0.55\u2009&lt;\u2009EF &lt;\u20090.95,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924). It was shown that segmented hair analysis can be beneficial for the interpretation of such indicative results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective study shows that chiral amphetamine analysis in hair confidently distinguishes between (sole) therapeutic and (sole) illicit amphetamine use and has established a decision model for the interpretation of EFs in hair for forensic casework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:36:31Z","timestamp":1792056991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Study on the Power and Interpretation of Chiral Amphetamine Analysis in Hair for Forensic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesl K.","family":"Janssens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6778-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena M.","family":"Madry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea E.","family":"Steuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6783-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina M.","family":"Binz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"(EUDA) EUDA \u201cEuropean Drug Report 2025: Trends and Developments \u201dhttps:\/\/www.euda.europa.eu\/publications\/european\u2010drug\u2010report\/2025_en."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"ADHS SF \u201cADHS und Behandlung \u201d Accessed 01\/10\/2025 https:\/\/www.sfg\u2010adhs.ch\/adhs\/adhs\u2010und\u2010behandlung."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113482532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"FDA UFDA \u201cDrugs@FDA: FDA\u2010Approved Drugs \u201d Accessed 01\/10\/2025 https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S70382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261\u2010015\u20100354\u2010y"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1472","article-title":"Drug Testing in Blood: Validated Negative\u2010Ion Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatographic\u2010Mass Spectrometric Assay for Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Enantiomers and Its Application to Toxicology Cases","volume":"48","author":"Peters F. 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