{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:47:55Z","timestamp":1787327275494,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,3]],"date-time":"2002-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the adult gastrointestinal tract, the morphologic borders between esophagus and stomach and between stomach and small intestine are literally one cell thick. The patterning mechanisms that underlie the development of these sharp regional divisions from a once continuous endodermal tube are still obscure. In the embryonic endoderm of the developing gut, region\u2010specific expression of certain genes (e.g., intestine\u2010specific expression of the actin bundling protein villin) can be detected as early as 9.0 days post coitum, although the morphologic differentiation of the gut epithelium proper does not begin until 4 to 5 days later. By using a mouse model in which a \u03b2\u2010galactosidase marker has been inserted into the endogenous villin locus, we examined the development of the stomach\/intestinal (pyloric) border during gut organogenesis. The data indicate that the border is not sharp from the outset. Rather, the initial border region is characterized by a decreasing gradient of villin\/\u03b2\u2010galactosidase expression that extends into the distal stomach. A sharp epithelial border of villin\/\u03b2\u2010galactosidase expression appears abruptly at day 16 and is further refined over the next 3 weeks to form the distinct one\u2010cell\u2010thick border characteristic of the adult. These results indicate that an important previously unrecognized patterning event occurs in the gut epithelium at 16 days; this event may define an epithelial compartment boundary between the stomach and the intestine. The villin\/\u03b2\u2010galactosidase mouse model characterized here provides an excellent substrate with which to further dissect the mechanisms involved in this patterning process. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:24:15Z","timestamp":1030303455000},"page":"90-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Villin: A marker for development of the epithelial pyloric border"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Evan M.","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotan T.","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blair","family":"Madison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Pinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Gumucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002040302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(95)00350-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5327.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(99)01774-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.4.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.106.2.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62509-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02255915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36596-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","volume-title":"The atlas of mouse development","author":"Kaufman MH","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(76)90127-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.1994.56120055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.101.3.627","article-title":"Cell fate, morphogenetic movement and population kinetics of embryonic endoderm at the time of germ layer formation in the mouse","volume":"101","author":"Lawson KA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developmental morphology of the mouse inner ear. 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