{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:21:50Z","timestamp":1791350510660,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,3]],"date-time":"2002-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activating mutations in human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) result in a range of skeletal disorders, including craniosynostosis. Because the cranial bones are largely neural crest derived, the possibility arises that increased FGF signalling may predispose to premature\/excessive skeletogenic differentiation in neural crest cells. To test this hypothesis, we expressed wild\u2010type and mutant FGFRs in quail embryonic neural crest cells. Chondrogenesis was consistently induced when mutant FGFR1\u2010K656E or FGFR2\u2010C278F were electroporated in ovo into stage 8 quail premigratory neural crest, followed by in vitro culture without FGF2. Neural crest cells electroporated with wild\u2010type FGFR1 or FGFR2 cDNAs exhibited no chondrogenic differentiation in culture. Cartilage differentiation was accompanied by expression of <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>osteopontin<\/jats:italic>. This closely resembled the response of nonelectroporated neural crest cells to FGF2 in vitro: 10 ng\/ml induces chondrogenesis, <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>osteopontin<\/jats:italic> expression, whereas 1 ng\/ml FGF2 enhances cell survival and <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Col2a1<\/jats:italic> expression, but never induces chondrogenesis or <jats:italic>osteopontin<\/jats:italic> expression. Transfection of neural crest cells with mutant FGFRs in vitro, after their emergence from the neural tube, in contrast, produced chondrogenesis at a very low frequency. Hence, mutant FGFRs can induce cartilage differentiation when electroporated into premigratory neural crest cells but this effect is drastically reduced if transfection is carried out after the onset of neural crest migration. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T19:48:25Z","timestamp":1030304905000},"page":"210-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Induction of chondrogenesis in neural crest cells by mutant fibroblast growth factor receptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Petiot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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