{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:55:05Z","timestamp":1791273305947,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,28]],"date-time":"2003-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have performed a high\u2010capacity, semiquantitative, reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction screen for expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF\u03b2) family genes as well as their cognate receptors. By using cDNA prepared from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 0 embryonic mouse pancreas, we have identified several factors potentially involved in the development of the endocrine pancreas. We find high\u2010level early expression of TGF\u03b2\u20101 and \u20102, and constitutive expression of TGF\u03b2\u20103 and their receptors. Of the Inhibin\/Activin members, we found exclusively Inhibin\u2010\u03b1 and Activin\u2010\u03b2B to be expressed, and the BMP family was represented by BMP4, BMP5, and BMP7. The predominant forms of the BMP and Activin type II receptors were ActR\u2010IIB and BMPR\u2010II and of the type I receptors, BMPR\u20101A and \u20101B were the highest expressed. FGF1, FGF7, FGF9, FGF10, FGF11, and FGF18 were also expressed in the pancreas at varying time points and levels, as well as FGF receptor forms FGFR1b, FGFR1c, FGFR2b, FGFR2c, FGFR3b, and FGFR4. To gain insight into the biological function, we misexpressed members of these families in the pancreas by using the early pancreas promoter Pdx1. Misexpression of FGF4 results in disruption of the pancreas morphology with epithelial structures interspersed in stroma tissue. The endocrine compartment was reduced to scattered single cells, and the exocrine consisted of unbranched ductal epithelia with acinar structures budding off. In contrast, misexpression of BMP\u20106 resulted in complete agenesis of the pancreas and reduced the size of the stomach and spleen dramatically and caused fusion of the liver and duodenum. Developmental Dynamics 226:663\u2013674, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,26]],"date-time":"2003-03-26T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1048661923000},"page":"663-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Expression and misexpression of members of the FGF and TGF\u03b2 families of growth factors in the developing mouse pancreas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Darwin S.","family":"Dichmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Scott 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