{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:28:21Z","timestamp":1791286101848,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]],"date-time":"2003-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dextral looping of the heart is regulated on multiple levels. In humans, mutations of the genes <jats:italic>CFC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pitx2<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>RIEG<\/jats:italic> result in laterality\u2010associated cardiac anomalies. In animal models, a common read\u2010out after the misexpression of laterality genes is heart looping direction. Missing in these studies is how laterality genes impact on downstream morphogenetic processes to coordinate heart looping. Previously, we showed that <jats:italic>Pitx2<\/jats:italic> indirectly regulates flectin protein by regulating the timing of flectin expression in one heart field versus the other (Linask et al. [] Dev. Biol. 246:407\u2013417). To address this question further we used a reported loss\u2010of\u2010function approach to interfere with chick <jats:italic>CFC<\/jats:italic> expression (Schlange et al. [] Dev. Biol. 234:376\u2013389) and assaying for flectin expression during looping. Antisense <jats:italic>CFC<\/jats:italic> treatment results in abnormal heart looping or no looping. Our results show that regardless of the sidedness of downstream <jats:italic>Pitx2<\/jats:italic> expression, it is the sidedness of predominant flectin protein expression in the extracellular matrix of the dorsal mesocardial folds and splanchnic mesoderm apposed to the foregut wall that is associated directly with looping direction. Thus, Pitx2 can be experimentally uncoupled from heart looping. The flectin asymmetry continues to be maintained in the secondary heart field during looping. Developmental Dynamics 228:217\u2013230, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,25]],"date-time":"2003-09-25T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1064468435000},"page":"217-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effects of antisense misexpression of <i>CFC<\/i> on downstream flectin protein expression during heart looping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Kersti K.","family":"Linask","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming\u2010Da","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaari 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