{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T21:51:53Z","timestamp":1762897913756,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,24]],"date-time":"2003-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diploid frog <jats:italic>X. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> has recently been adopted as a model genetic system, but loss\u2010of\u2010function screens in <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> have not yet been performed. We have undertaken a pilot functional knockdown screen in <jats:italic>X. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> for genes involved in nervous system development by injecting antisense morpholino (MO) oligos directed against <jats:italic>X. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> mRNAs. Twenty\u2010six genes with primary expression in the nervous system were selected as targets based on an expression screen previously conducted in <jats:italic>X. laevis<\/jats:italic>. Reproducible phenotypes were observed for six and for four of these, a second MO gave a similar result. One of these genes encodes a novel protein with previously unknown function. Knocking down this gene, designated <jats:italic>pinhead<\/jats:italic>, results in severe microcephaly, whereas, overexpression results in macrocephaly. Together with the early embryonic expression in the anterior neural plate, these data indicate that <jats:italic>pinhead<\/jats:italic> is a novel gene involved in controlling head development. Developmental Dynamics 289\u2013299, 2004. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,22]],"date-time":"2004-01-22T05:00:39Z","timestamp":1074747639000},"page":"289-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pilot morpholino screen in <i>Xenopus tropicalis<\/i> identifies a novel gene involved in head development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Sue","family":"Kenwrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Papalopulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(98)01506-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)80025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(03)00010-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35042517"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00115-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/34848"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60307-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0565"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00751-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(02)00038-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35038097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.12.4293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79951"},{"volume-title":"Normal table of Xenopus Laevis","year":"1967","author":"Nieuwkoop PD","key":"e_1_2_6_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.9.1789","article-title":"The development of Xenopus tropicalis transgenic lines and their use in studying lens developmental timing in living embryos","volume":"127","author":"Offield MF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00671-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(01)00069-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.12.2917","article-title":"A study of mesoderm patterning through the analysis of the regulation of Xmyf\u20105 expression","volume":"129","author":"Polli M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0605"},{"volume-title":"Early Development of Xenopus laevis. 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