{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:30:12Z","timestamp":1761989412453,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005440","name":"Center for Scientific Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21 HD090608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21 HD090608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vasculature is formed by responding to homeostatic tissue demands including in developing hearts. Hypoxia generally stimulates vascular formation in which vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF\u2010A) plays a critical role. Gestational hypoxia increases the risk of low intrauterine growth and low birth weight, both of which are known to increase the risk of the fetus developing cardiovascular defects. In fact, continuous gestational mild hypoxia (14% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) from the mid\u2010embryonic stage causes cardiac anomalies accompanied by a thinning compact layer in mice in vivo. Because coronary vasculature formation is necessary for compact layers to thicken, we hypothesized that defective coronary vessel organization is related to the thinning compact layer under gestational hypoxia conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuous gestational mild hypoxia (14% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) applied from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) reduced the expression of VEGF\u2010A mRNA and proteins by over 60% in E12.5 hearts relative to control normoxic hearts. Formation of CD31\u2010positive vascular plexus, blood islands, and microvessels in embryonic ventricles were stunted by gestational hypoxia compared to control E12.5 hearts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that mild hypoxia (14% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) does not induce coronary vessel organization or VEGF\u2010A expression in developing mouse hearts, opposing the general effects of hypoxia\u2010triggering vascular organization and VEGF\u2010A expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T22:32:12Z","timestamp":1578090732000},"page":"636-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defective coronary vessel organization and reduction of VEGF\u2010A in mouse embryonic hearts with gestational mild 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