{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T22:13:02Z","timestamp":1760393582515,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,2]],"date-time":"2020-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014M3A9D5A01073865","2016R1A5A2008630","2017R1A2B3009133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014M3A9D5A01073865","2016R1A5A2008630","2017R1A2B3009133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of three ossicles\u2014the malleus, incus, and stapes\u2014each of which has a unique morphology for efficiently transmitting sound information. In particular, the stapes, which is attached to the inner ear, is stirrup\u2010shaped with a head and base connected by two crural arches, forming the stapedial foramen, through which the stapedial artery passes. However, how the stapes acquires this critical stirrup shape for association with the stapedial artery during development is not clear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a chemoattractant essential for cellular movement and angiogenesis. In <jats:italic>Cxcl12<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\n<jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> embryos, migration of neural crest cells into the prospective middle ear regions and their mesenchymal condensation to form the three ossicles proceed normally in correct alignment with each other and the inner ear. However, in the absence of CXCL12, the stapes loses its stirrup shape and instead exhibits a columnar shape lacking the crural arches and central hole. In addition, although the stapedial artery initially forms during early mesenchymal condensation of the stapes, it degenerates without CXCL12 function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CXCL12 plays an essential role in establishing the stirrup\u2010shaped architecture of the stapes, possibly by maintaining the stapedial foramen and stapedial artery throughout development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T01:29:05Z","timestamp":1587518945000},"page":"1117-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<scp>CXCL12<\/scp> is required for stirrup\u2010shaped stapes formation during mammalian middle ear development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"249","author":[{"given":"Harinarayana","family":"Ankamreddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heiyeun","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwoong","family":"Bok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South 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