{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:54:38Z","timestamp":1768474478069,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,22]],"date-time":"2004-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1082592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic> encodes a basic helix\u2010loop\u2010helix transcription factor that is required for normal craniofacial morphogenesis in the mouse. Loss of <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic> activity in the cranial mesenchyme leads to aberrant migratory behaviour of the neural crest cells, whereas <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient neural crest cells are located in an inappropriate location in the first branchial arch and display defective osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation (Soo et al. [] Dev. Biol. 247:251\u2013270). Results of the present study further show that loss of <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic> impacts on the patterning of the cranial ganglia and nerves but not that of the peripheral ganglia and nerves in the trunk region of the body axis. Analyses of the expression of molecular markers of early differentiation of the paraxial mesoderm and the histogenetic potency of somites of <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2010\/\u2010<\/jats:sup> embryos reveal that <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient somites can differentiate into muscles, cartilage, and bones, albeit less prolifically. <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic> function, therefore, is not essential for mesoderm differentiation. The poor growth of the <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic>\u2010deficient somites after transplantation to the ectopic site may be attributed to reduced proliferative capacity and extensive apoptosis of the paraxial mesoderm, suggesting that <jats:italic>Twist<\/jats:italic> is required for maintaining cell proliferation and viability in the mesodermal progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 230:216\u2013228, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,22]],"date-time":"2004-04-22T17:01:26Z","timestamp":1082653286000},"page":"216-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["<i>Twist<\/i> is required for patterning the cranial nerves and maintaining the viability of mesodermal cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Masato S.","family":"Ota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.F.","family":"Loebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith 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