{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:44:21Z","timestamp":1771339461326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]],"date-time":"2005-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1119916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the avian oocytal germ disc region, at the end of oogenesis, we discerned four ooplasms (\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, \u03b4) presenting an onion\u2010peel distribution (from peripheral and superficial to central and deep. Their fate was followed during early embryonic development. The most superficial and peripheral \u03b1 ooplasm plays a fundamental role during cleavage. The \u03b2 ooplasm, originally localized in the peripheral region of the blastodisc, becomes mainly concentrated in the primitive streak. At the moment of bilateral symmetrization, a spatially oblique, sickle\u2010shaped uptake of \u03b3 and \u03b4 ooplasms occurs so that \u03b3 and \u03b4 ooplasms become incorporated into the deeper part of the avian blastoderm. These ooplasms seem to contain ooplasmic determinants that initiate either early neurulation or gastrulation events. The early neural plate\u2010inducing structure that forms a deep part of the blastoderm is the \u03b4 ooplasm\u2010containing endophyll (primary hypoblast). Together with the primordial germ cells, it is derived from the superficial centrocaudal part of the nucleus of Pander, which also contains \u03b4 ooplasm. The other structure (\u03b3 ooplasm) that is incorporated into the caudolateral deep part of the blastoderm forms Rauber's sickle. It induces gastrulation in the concavity of Rauber's sickle and blood island formation exterior to Rauber's sickle. Rauber's sickle develops by ingrowth of blastodermal cells into the \u03b3 ooplasm, which surrounds the nucleus of Pander. Rauber's sickle constitutes the primary major organizer of the avian blastoderm and generates only extraembryonic tissues (junctional and sickle endoblast). By imparting positional information, it organizes and dominates the whole blastoderm (controlling gastrulation, neurulation, and coelom and cardiovascular system formation). Fragments of the horns of Rauber's sickle extend far cranially into the lateral quadrants of the unincubated blastoderm, so that often Rauber's sickle material forms three quarters of a circle. This finding explains the regulative capacities of isolated blastoderm parts, with the exception of the anti\u2010sickle region and central blastoderm region, where no Rauber's sickle material is present. In avian blastoderms, there exists a competitive inhibition by Rauber's sickle on the primitive streak and neural plate\u2010inducing effects of sickle endoblast. Avian primordial germ cells contain \u03b4 ooplasm derived from the superficial part of the nucleus of Pander. Their original deep and central ooplasmic localization has been confirmed by the use of a chicken vasa homologue. We conclude that the unincubated blastoderm consists of three elementary tissues: upper layer mainly containing \u03b2 ooplasm, endophyll containing \u03b4 ooplasm, and Rauber's sickle containing \u03b3 ooplasm). These elementary tissues form before the three classic germ layers have developed. Developmental Dynamics 233:1194\u20131216, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]],"date-time":"2005-06-28T18:16:52Z","timestamp":1119982612000},"page":"1194-1216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Origin, fate, and function of the components of the avian germ disc region and early blastoderm: Role of ooplasmic determinants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Callebaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00226-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.17.3521","article-title":"Induction of primitive streak and Hensen's node by the posterior marginal zone in the early chick embryo","volume":"125","author":"Bachvarova R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(99)80062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(94)00301-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.11291858","article-title":"The avian organizer","volume":"45","author":"Boettger T","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.Supplement.93","article-title":"Fate mapping the neural plate and the intraembryonic mesoblast in the upper layer of the chicken blastoderm with xenografting and time\u2010lapse videography","author":"Bortier H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ejom.39.2.91.7369"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950191005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382595a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00044-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.24.3286"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01928266"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Correlation between germinal vesicle and oocyte development in the adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 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