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Here, we show that the genes for retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>RALDH2<\/jats:italic>) and a retinoic acid hydroxylase (<jats:italic>CYP26A1<\/jats:italic>) are expressed in complementary patterns in the <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> gut during looping. A late\u2010stage chemical genetic assessment reveals that agonists and antagonists of retinoid signaling generate abnormal gut looping topologies, digestive organ heterotaxias, and intestinal malrotations. Accessory organ deformities commonly associated with intestinal malrotation in humans, such as annular pancreas, pancreas divisum, and extrahepatic biliary tree malformations, are also induced by distinct retinoid receptor agonists. Thus, late\u2010stage retinoic acid signaling is likely to play a critical role in asymmetric gut tube morphogenesis and may underlie the etiology of several clinically relevant defects in the digestive system. Developmental Dynamics 235:2266\u20132275, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,19]],"date-time":"2006-06-19T18:03:45Z","timestamp":1150740225000},"page":"2266-2275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Role for retinoid signaling in left\u2013right asymmetric digestive organ morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Lipscomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Sablyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey 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