{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:59:22Z","timestamp":1785254362681,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mahogunin Ring Finger 1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic>) encodes a RING\u2010containing protein with ubiquitin ligase activity that has been implicated in pigment\u2010type switching. In addition to having dark fur, mice lacking MGRN1 develop adult\u2010onset spongy degeneration of the central nervous system and have reduced embryonic viability. Observation of complete situs inversus in a small proportion of adult <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> mutant mice suggested that embryonic lethality resulted from congenital heart defects due to defective establishment and\/or maintenance of the left\u2013right (LR) axis. Here we report that <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> is expressed in a pattern consistent with a role in LR patterning during early development and that many <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> mutant embryos show abnormal expression of asymmetrically expressed genes involved in LR patterning. A range of complex heart defects was observed in 20\u201325% of mid\u2010to\u2010late gestation <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> mutant embryos and another 20% were dead. This finding was consistent with 46\u201360% mortality of mutants by weaning age. Our results indicate that <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> acts early in the LR signaling cascade and is likely to provide new insight into this developmental process as <jats:italic>Nodal<\/jats:italic> expression was uncoupled from expression of other Nodal\u2010responsive genes in <jats:italic>Mgrn1<\/jats:italic> mutant embryos. Our work identifies a novel role for MGRN1 in embryonic patterning and suggests that the ubiquitination of MGRN1 target genes is essential for the proper establishment and\/or maintenance of the LR axis. Developmental Dynamics 235:3438\u20133447, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T16:47:21Z","timestamp":1162226841000},"page":"3438-3447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Mice with mutations in <i>Mahogunin ring finger\u20101<\/i> (<i>Mgrn1<\/i>) exhibit abnormal patterning of the left\u2013right axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Christina D.","family":"Cota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooneh","family":"Bagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Pelc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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