{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:28:55Z","timestamp":1791206935229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]],"date-time":"2007-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mesp2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Paraxis<\/jats:italic> are basic helix\u2013loop\u2013helix (bHLH) \u2010type transcription factors coexpressed in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and are required for normal somite formation. Here, we show that <jats:italic>Mesp2\/Paraxis<\/jats:italic> double\u2010null mice exhibit a distinct phenotype unexpected from either <jats:italic>Mesp2<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Paraxis<\/jats:italic> single\u2010null mice. In the posterior region of the body, most of the skeletal components of both the vertebral body and neural arches are severely reduced and only a rudimental lamina and ribs remain, indicating a strong genetic interaction in the sclerotomal cell lineage. However, yeast two\u2010hybrid analyses revealed no direct interaction between Mesp2 and Paraxis. The <jats:italic>Mesp2\/Paraxis<\/jats:italic> double\u2010null embryo has caudalized somites, revealed by expanded <jats:italic>Uncx4.1<\/jats:italic> expression pattern observed in the <jats:italic>Mesp2<\/jats:italic>\u2010null embryo, but the expression level of <jats:italic>Uncx4.1<\/jats:italic> was significantly decreased in mature somites, indicative of hypoplasia of lateral sclerotome derivatives. By focusing on vertebral column formation, we found that expressions of <jats:italic>Pax1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nkx3.1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Bapx1<\/jats:italic> are regulated by Paraxis and that Pax9 expression was severely affected in the <jats:italic>Mesp2\/Paraxis<\/jats:italic> double\u2010null embryo. Furthermore, the expression of <jats:italic>Pax3<\/jats:italic>, a crucial factor for hypaxial muscle differentiation, is regulated by both Mesp2 and Paraxis in the anteriormost PSM and nascent somite region. The present data strongly suggest that patterning events by bHLH\u2010type transcription factors have deep impacts on regional chondrogenic and myogenic differentiation of somitic cells, mainly by means of control of <jats:italic>Pax<\/jats:italic> genes. Developmental Dynamics 236:1484\u20131494, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]],"date-time":"2007-05-03T16:47:24Z","timestamp":1178210844000},"page":"1484-1494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Transcription factors Mesp2 and Paraxis have critical roles in axial musculoskeletal formation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"236","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuya","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Koseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Rawls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Saga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.8.2407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/8792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00268-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384570a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.300104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.4.1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The two\u2010hybrid system. A personal view","volume":"177","author":"Fields S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90008-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4773(90)90132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.15.3215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2259"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199709)210:1<53::AID-AJA6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80190-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004270050120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.23.5399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Vertebrate somitogenesis: a novel paradigm for animal segmentation?","volume":"47","author":"Pourquie O","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.14.1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/341303a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80177-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80189-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/78062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.24.5699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041917ht"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90307-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.4.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8692"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.23.5217","article-title":"Differential regulation of epaxial and hypaxial muscle development by paraxis","volume":"126","author":"Wilson\u2010Rawls J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0195-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1008002"}],"container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdvdy.21178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dvdy.21178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:44:33Z","timestamp":1760370273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dvdy.21178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dvdy.21178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.21178","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-8388","1097-0177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-8388","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,3]]}}}