{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:47:52Z","timestamp":1790898472258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,21]],"date-time":"2007-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ubiquitously expressed zinc finger transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 play critical roles in embryonic development. <jats:italic>Sp1<\/jats:italic> knockout mice die around embryonic day 10.5. Mice lacking Sp3 are postnatal lethal. Mice heterozygous for either <jats:italic>Sp1<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Sp3<\/jats:italic> are apparently normal, although slightly smaller. Here, we show that compound heterozygosity of <jats:italic>Sp1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sp3<\/jats:italic> results in embryonic lethality accompanied by a spectrum of developmental abnormalities, including growth retardation, morphological alterations of the lung, impaired ossification, anemia, and placental defects. Anemia in <jats:italic>Sp1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Sp3<\/jats:italic> compound heterozygous mutant embryos is associated with impaired maturation of erythrocytes. Analyses of the placenta revealed a markedly reduced spongiotrophoblast layer and a severe disorganization of the labyrinth layer in <jats:italic>Sp1<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Sp3<\/jats:italic> compound heterozygous as well as in Sp3\u2010deficient mutant embryos. Our findings demonstrate that a threshold of Sp1 and Sp3 activity is required for normal embryonic development, suggesting that Sp1 and Sp3 act cooperatively to regulate downstream targets. Developmental Dynamics 236:2235\u20132244, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]],"date-time":"2007-07-25T17:22:05Z","timestamp":1185384125000},"page":"2235-2244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["<i>Sp1\/Sp3<\/i> compound heterozygous mice are not viable: Impaired erythropoiesis and severe placental 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