{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:09:48Z","timestamp":1790435388384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Dynamics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acetylcholine plays an important role in regulation of nervous system development and function. We are developing zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) as a model system to study the role of specific neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in development and the effects of nicotine on the developing vertebrate nervous system. We previously characterized the expression of several zebrafish nAChR subunits. To further develop the zebrafish model, here we report a study on the molecular characterization of two additional nAChR subunit genes, designated <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic>. Both zebrafish nAChRs have a high degree of sequence identity to nAChRs expressed in a variety of mammalian species. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to show that both nAChR subunit RNAs were expressed early in zebrafish development, with the <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic> transcript present at 3 hours postfertilization (hpf) and the <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> RNA present at 10 hpf. In situ hybridization was used to localize <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic> RNA expression in 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpf zebrafish. The <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic> RNAs were each expressed in a unique pattern, which changed during development. At various ages, <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> was expressed in Rohon\u2010Beard sensory neurons, trigeminal ganglion, retina, and the pineal gland. Most notably, <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> was expressed in catecholaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but was also present in noncatecholaminergic cells in both midbrain and hindbrain. The expression of <jats:italic>chrna6<\/jats:italic> RNA in catecholaminergic cells supports the use of zebrafish as a valid model system to better understand the molecular basis of cholinergic regulation of dopaminergic signaling and the role of \u03b16\u2010containing nAChRs in Parkinson's disease. The most notable <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic> expression was in neural crest cells at 24 hpf and reticulospinal neurons in hindbrain at 48 hpf. <jats:italic>chrna4<\/jats:italic> RNA exhibited a widespread and robust expression pattern in the midbrain in 72 hpf and 96 hpf zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 238:980\u2013992, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,19]],"date-time":"2009-03-19T12:22:06Z","timestamp":1237465326000},"page":"980-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Cloning and spatiotemporal expression of zebrafish neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 6 and alpha 4 subunit RNAs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Nakkula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Zirger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Beattie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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